중국고대 私屬層의 신분제적 속성

Abstract

The problem that si-shu私屬(including yi邑 and the people) and si-shu私屬’s status standing as servant in the feudal relation between master and servant how the situation lies and transition is investigated. The subjects of a feudal ruler in gong-yi公邑 and si-yi私邑 separately bear the expenses only to their lords, and as lords intention serve in the war. Si-yi私邑 have self-regulation and independence, acknowledged by the lords, but have subordination character too in some exceptional condition must be served in the war by the lords order. Each si-shu-tu私屬徒 obey and loyal to one’s directly belonging lords. From early chun-qiu春秋 periods power feudal princes nations combine nearby territory, but at the same time struggle for power between strong families get more intensified. The victor obtain hold the power of state and through parcelling the land of gong-shi公室 in lots and occupy, so gong-shi公室 become to si-shu私屬. The fu-shui-yi賦稅役 systems in each si-yi私邑 were operated by different form. However zhan-guo戰國 period draws near, the lords weaken power-familes through reform, constructed absolute monarchy. Hence the tide that rule all the people and state as si-shu私屬 of monarch unfold. This development are realized through the emergence and progress of xian縣 system. The wise and competent man were appointed as chief of xian縣 rather than from noble family do that. Be due to xian縣 system now si-yi私邑 become under the direct control of monarch and by that si-yi私邑 or si-shu私屬 become as it is an administrative district and region name. In addition the people become qi-min齊民 or gong-min公民, and fu-shui-yi賦稅役 systems become equalized and simplified. Thereupon a term ‘si-shu私屬’ now come into use legislative term that indicate released status from slaves under certain restrictions, ascended one grade status. Therefore it is can be said that in Chinese history new social status come into existence. They seem to be free oneself from slaves but not wholly. They are exempted from military service and labor duty, also in respect that the slaves owner pay suan-qien算錢 taxes they are equal to slaves. In place of the slaves owner are exempted from double pay suan-qien算錢 taxes, lose the right of by generation ownership and trade. In aspect of state the problem of growing slaves and other several problems derived from that can be cancelled. It could be said that the substance of status rise is become getting ownership and accumulate of individual property. So that also it could be said that si-shu私屬 getting shu-ren庶人 status become to have the obligation to pay suan-qien算錢 taxes. In addition, recently there are the tendency that ‘huan-huang-di宦皇帝’ is elucidated as si-shu私屬 or near attendant of huang-di皇帝, but in this thesis pointed out that such interpretation are insufficient, the greater part of that were ‘shumin-zai-guan-zhe庶民在官者’ and xu-tu胥徒 in zhou-li周禮 that are in public service by zhi-yi職役 service.