여말선초 금속활자를 통해 본 證道歌字 字形의 특징

Abstract

As recent studies on the newly discovered movable metal type officially announced that the type had been cast during the Goryeo period and used in the original version of the block-printed copy of Nammyeongcheon hwasangsong jeungdoga (南明泉和尙頌證道歌; Song of Enlightenment Recited by Ven. Nanming Faquan), it has been named as “Jeungdoga type” within the academic circle. The examination of the shape of Jeungdoga type disclosed the variant forms of characters as well as significant features of dots and strokes which are devoid of movable metal types in the Joseon period. Thus, this article claims that these characteristics can be important criteria to identify and distinguish Jeungdoga type. Among Jeungdoga type, the 88 grooved-form types were proved to be cast in the 13th century. Focusing on those types, this study selected the same characters from the five movable metal types created in the late Goryeo and the early Joseon periods and comparative analysis was conducted on the features of the each character. The object to be examined here are the movable metal types cast during the Goryeo period, such as Jeungdoga type and Heungdeoksa type with which Jikji were printed and during the early Joseon period, such as Gyemi type, Gyeongja type and Gabin type. After the selection and comparison of the 88 characters from these 5 movable metal types, this study presented the unique characteristics of Jeungdoga type. Through this study, it was able to reconfirm the newly discovered movable metal type as the original type of the reprinted Nammyeongcheon hwasangsong jeungdoga and at the same time this study suggested the available identification criteria for the Jeungdoga type printed copies.