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자동차 산업 공급 네트워크의 상류와 하류 구성 동인의 비교: ERGM을 활용한 탐색적 연구

Comparison of Upstream and Downstream Configuration Drivers in Automotive Industry Supply Networks: An Exploratory Study Using ERGMs

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키워드

주제분류경영학

초록

현대의 산업은 공급 네트워크 간 경쟁이다. 공급 네트워크를 잘 알고 관리하는 것은 기업의 필수 생존 요건이다. 공급 네트워크의 상류와 하류는 지향점에 있어 차이가 있고 이는 상류와 하류의 구조적 차이를 일으킨다. 본 연구는 자동차 공급 네트워크 상류와 하류의 구성 동인의 공통점과 차이점을 밝히고자 한다. 자동차 산업의 거래 데이터를 이용하여 공급 네트워크를 구성하고 상류와 하류의 링크를 만드는 구성 동인을 비교했다. Exponential Random Graph Model(ERGM)을 활용하여 기업의 속성, 양자 간 속성, 구조적 특성을 포함하여 구성 동인들의 유의성을 평가하였다. 그 결과, 공급처의 업력, 구매처의 규모, 구매처의 매출액, 구매처의 자산규모, 이행성, 활동성이 상류와 하류의 공통적인 구성 동인으로 밝혀졌다. 반면, 구매처의 업력, 양자 간 매출액 차이, 스타성은 하류 네트워크에서만 유의한 구성 동인으로 밝혀졌다. 이러한 연구 결과는 공급 네트워크의 상류와 하류를 처음으로 실증 비교한 것이며, 상류와 하류의 네트워크 구조 차이의 원인을 찾아내는 첫걸음이라는 학술적 의의가 있다.

Abstract

Modern industry is a competition between supply networks. Knowing and managing the supply network well is an essential survival requirement for a company. There is a difference in orientation between the upstream and downstream of the supply network, which causes structural differences between the upstream and downstream. This study aims to reveal the differences in the configuration drivers of the upstream and downstream automotive supply networks. Using transaction data from the automotive industry, we compared the drivers that constitute supply networks and create upstream and downstream links. The Exponential Random Graph Models (ERGMs) were used to evaluate the significance of configuration drivers, including company attributes, dyadic attributes, and structural characteristics. As a result, the age of supplier, size of the purchaser, sales of the purchaser, asset of the purchaser, transitivity, and activity were found to be common drivers of upstream and downstream. On the other hand, the age of the purchaser, the difference in sales between the two companies, and popularity were found to be significant drivers only in the downstream network. These research results are the first to empirically compare the upstream and downstream supply networks, and have academic contribution as the first step in finding the cause of the differences in network structure between the upstream and downstream networks.

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