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동아시아 금융통화협력의 진전과 전망

The Progress and Prospect of East Asian Monetary and Financial Cooperation

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주제분류정치외교학

초록

이 글은 ASEAN+3의 금융통화협력이 동아시아 지역주의를 진전시키는 중요한 동력이라는 전제로 ASEAN+3를 중심으로 이루어지고 있는 치앙마이 이니셔티브(Chiang Mai Initiative)와 아시아 본드마켓 이니셔티브(Asian Bond Market Initiative)의 진전과 현황을 살펴본다. 양자는 모두 1997~98년의 동아시아 외환위기를 겪은 후 자구적 협력체제의 필요에서 출범하였다. CMI는 느슨한 쌍무협정의 연계로 출발하여 2007년 현재 다자화와 스왑자금의 공동기금화에 합의하는 진전을 이루었다. ABMI는 지역 채권시장을 육성하여 지역 통화로 채권발행을 장려하고 역내 저축을 역내에 환류시켜 자금수요에 대응하고 금융통화체제의 안정을 도모하려는 것으로 아직은 초보적인 상태이다. 이 글은 ASEAN+3 국가들이 합리적 이익의 추구자들이라 전제하고 그런 관점에서 지금까지의 CMI와 ABMI의 진전과 앞으로의 장래를 진단하는 것이 유익하다고 주장한다. 합리적 이익의 관점에 더하여 중국과 일본의 경쟁, 미국과의 관계와 같은 정치적 변수들도 고려하면서 동아시아 금융통화협력의 앞으로의 향방을 진단해본다.

Abstract

This paper argues that the financial cooperation of the ASEAN+3 is a motive power of East Asian regionalism and examines the progress and current state of Chiang Mai Initiative and Asian Bond Market Initiative. The CMI has reached a major advancement with the agreement of transforming the existing bilateral swap arrangements to a multilateral system with reserve-pooling arrangement. The ABMI is initiated to develop a regional bond market by encouraging the issue and purchase of local currency denominated bonds. The paper argues that member states of the ASEAN+3 are rational interest seekers thus the future progress of the financial cooperation may also be promoted by that motive. Critical political variables of China-Japan rivalry and the skepticism of the U.S. may hamper the speed of progress. However, the paper forecasts, the impediment is not likely to be detrimental and the financial cooperation may proceed gradually within the ASEAN+3 framework.

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