코로나19로 인한 응급 상황에서 의료자원 분배 및 백신 접종의 우선순위 설정
Setting Priorities for Medical Resource Allocation of Emergency Treatment and Vaccination for COVID-19 in South Korea
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코로나바이러스감염증-19(이하 코로나19)는 2020년 현재 범유행하며 여러 국가에 재난적 손해를 끼치고 있으며, 의료자원의 부족으로 여러 갈등 상황이 벌어지고 있다. 응급 상황에서 환자를 분류하기 위한 방침이 제시되어 있긴 하나, 포괄적으로 의료자원을 분배하는 데에 적용하기에는 한계가 있다. 본 논문은 이를 다루는 분야인 의료정의론을 간략히 살피고, 의료자원 분배에 적용될 수 있는 원칙을 확인한 다음, 임상 치료와 백신 접종에서 세워져 있는 의료자원 분배 원칙을 살폈다. 다음, 국내 상황에서 코로나19에 적용할 수 있는 의료자원 분배 원칙과 이후 백신이 개발되었을 때 접종 순서에 관해 논의하였다. 논문은 치료의 경우 운 평등주의적 견해를, 백신의 경우 최대한의 생존 연수 확보를 기본으로 하여 다른 원칙을 보조적으로 적용할 것을 제시하며, 관련 논의를 위해 논의 기구 설치가 필요함을 주장한다.
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) reached pandemic levels in 2020, causing catastrophic damage to many countries, including various challenges related to a lack of medical resources. Although policies for classifying patients have been proposed for emergency situations, there are limitations in applying these principles for the allocation of medical resources in a comprehensive manner. This paper briefly examines relevant medical justice theories from the standpoint of their applicability to the allocation of medical resources. It also considers the principles of medical resource allocation established for clinical treatment and vaccination. Next, the principles of medical resource allocation applicable to COVID-19 in domestic situations and the sequence of vaccination when effective vaccines are available are discussed. The paper suggests that the theory of luck egalitarianism can be applied in the clinical treatment of COVID-19 emergency cases, and the principle of saving the most life-years is most applicable in the vaccination program, with other principles also relevant as supplementary guidance. We argue that the establishment of a deliberative body to address medical resource allocation is necessary for policy decisions and applications.
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