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COVID-19 대유행과 그 대응: 분배정의론이 해결할 과제들

Distributive Justice in the COVID-19 Era

이일학
(재) 국가생명윤리정책원 (Korea National Institute For Bioethics Policy)|2020.10|생명, 윤리와 정책 (Bio, Ethics and Policy)|제4권 제2호|pp. 19-37|DOI 10.23183/konibp.2020.4.2.002

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참고문헌

키워드

COVID-19감염병코로나 19보건의료체계communicable disease생명윤리bioethicsdistributive justice공중보건윤리public health ethicshealthcare system분배정의
주제분류학제간연구

초록

COVID-19 대유행은 안온해 보이는 우리의 일상생활이 실제로는 불안한 기초 위에 구축되어 있음을 드러냈다. 본 논문은 2022년 하반기까지 향후 12~24개월간 COVID-19 대유행이 지속할 것으로 가정하고 장기적인 유행 상태로 보건의료자원의 재편이 필요한 상황에서 고려해야 할 분배정의의 문제들을 검토하고 이를 통해 앞으로 그 발생이 증가할 것으로 예상되는 신종/재출현 감염병(newly emerging and reemerging disease)에 대비한 보건 대책에 대한 보건의료체계 구축과정에서 해결할 문제를 분배정의의 관점에서 제시하는 것을 목표로 한다. 이를 위해 코로나 19 유행 과정에서 제기된 COVID-19 환자 사이의 분배정의, COVID-19 환자와 비COVID-19 환자 사이의 분배정의, 백신 분배의 우선순위, 사회적 거리두기로 인한 비용의 분담, 감염병 사전주의 원칙에 따른 기회비용의 부담 등의 정의 문제를 살펴보았으며, 마지막으로 자원제공에 제한을 두는 정책의 정당화에 관하여 살펴보았다.

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic poses a distributive justice issue throughout the global healthcare system. In this article, I projected the landscape of justice issues related to responses to the COVID-19 pandemic: distribution of health care resources between COVID-19 patients, between COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 patients, the priority of vaccine distribution, the distribution of the social distancing burden, and the opportunistic cost of precautionary responses to newly emerging and reemerging infectious diseases. Principles of COVID-19 distributive justice are introduced with a focus on the justification of limit-setting policy. The pandemic invites us to reconsider healthcare distributive justice. We need to broaden our perspective to include communication and consensus into our justice considerations.

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