18세기 과시의 유형

Abstract

This study aims at extracting the ideal types of the national encouragement examinations(課試) and explaining their characters to understand the educational system of Joseon dynasty in the 18th century. Then the examination system was considered as the important factor of the educational system, so the understanding the examination system is the gateway to the garden of the 18th century education. But the examination system is very complicated to understand, because it continuously changed. It demands to start from revealing the structures of the examinations. The Sequel of the Great Code(續大典) helps for the work, in so far as it enacts some important points of the examinations. This study can extract three ideal types of the examinations from the Code. These are education type, management type and selection type. The characters are as follows. First, the education type contains 'Tongdok(通讀)' and 'Sengbo(陞補)'. The two examinations have educational function as the curriculum in common. Because they are implemented monthly in order, and the records are summed up annually. Second, the management type contains 'Hanbje(合製)' and 'Gongdohoe(公都會)'. The two examinations are identical in process of the test. And the aim of the test is the enlargement of the opportunity for the student to enter himself for the examination, and so the management of the learning of them. The students could control their schedule of learning by the tests. Third, selection type contains 'Jeongang(殿講)', 'Jeolilje(節日製)' and 'Hwanggamje(黃柑製)'. These are identical to the civil service examination in fact. Because the winners of the examinations were considered as the successful candidates of the civil service exam. These results shows the divirsity of the national encouragement examinations. But the types are ideal and formal because they are extracted from the law book. So they must be reconsidered through looking deep into historical evidences.