조선 성리학자들의 “性發心發” 논의에 관한 연구 -퇴계와 율곡의 비교를 중심으로-

Abstract

The so-called "The theory of the manifestation of Nature and the manifestation of Mind[性發心發說]" claimed by Chinese scholar Unbong(雲峯) Ho Byeong-mun(胡炳文) is enough to be an issue of Neo-Confucianism's nature and mind theory. In this article, we looked at what kind of discussions the Joseon Neo-Confucianists, who were attached to "The theory of the manifestation of Nature and the manifestation of Mind[性發心發說]", developed on the basis of the "Argument on the Four Beginnings and Seven Feelings[四端七情論辨]." In particular, it focused on comparing the discussions of Toegye and Yulgok, which had an academic gap due to the confrontation between 'the focusing on Li[主理]' and 'the focusing on Ch'i[主氣]'. Toegye emphasized the distinction between "The manifestation of nature[性發]" and "The manifestation of mind[心發]" through the analogy of "Ship and Cart" of the runner, but another analogy of grain proved that the two were inseparable in relation to each other. On the other hand, Yulgok identified "The manifestation of nature[性發]" and "The manifestation of mind[心發]" as a temporal precedence relationship and set "The manifestation of nature[性發]" as a prerequisite for "The manifestation of mind[心發]". Therefore, a series of processes from "Nature(性)" to "Feeling(情)" to "Thinking(意)" were explained in terms of a change in the consciousness of a single mind. As such, there is a difference between Toegye and Yulgok claims of "The theory of the manifestation of Nature and the manifestation of Mind[性發心發說]". but Contrary to Ho Byeong-mun(胡炳文)'s argument, it was the same in terms of diverging good and evil from the stage of "The manifestation of nature[性發]". In addition, in this paper, it was revealed that Yulgok criticism of Toegye's "The theory of the manifestation of Nature and the manifestation of Mind[性發心發說]" lacked logic. Finally, we looked at the discussion of Changgye(滄溪), which partially accepted the discussion between Toegye and Yulgok. Although the "The theory of the manifestation of Nature and the manifestation of Mind[性發心發說]" did not emerge as an important issue for Joseon Neo-Confucian scholars such as the "Argument on the Four Beginnings and Seven Feelings[四端七情論辨]" but, It is meaningful that the discussion on the theory of mindfulness was further developed based on Zhuxi(朱熹)'s interpretation of "The theory of Not yet manifestation and Already manifestation[未發已發說]". In the future, it is expected that more in-depth research will emerge as various interpretations of "The manifestation of nature[性發]" and "The manifestation of mind[心發]" by many Neo-Confucian scholars have been discovered. Therefore, it is hoped that various studies on "The theory of the manifestation of Nature and the manifestation of Mind[性發心發說]" will be conducted in the future.