기후변화 소양 측정을 위한 기후변화 교육 관련 국제 연구 문헌 분석
A Review of the Literature on the Climate Change Education for Developing the Instrument to Measure Literacy of Climate Change
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초록
이 연구는 교사와 학생들의 기후변화 관련 이해 및 태도를 측정하기 위한 도구를 개발하기 위한 기초 작업으로서 국제 학술지에 출판된 기후변화 관련 과학적 개념 이해 및 인식 등에 대한 조사 연구들을 추출․분석하여 문항 유형이나 응답 대상, 내용 요소별로 어떤 특징이 있는지 분석하였다. 기후변화에 대한 과학적 개념 이해, 기후변화에 대한 인식, 기후변화 교육에 대한 인식의 측면에서 분석한 결과, 기후변화에 대한 이해는 학생 수준별로 다양한 유형에 따라 개발되어 있었고, 기본 개념에 대한 문항이 원인이나 메커니즘, 효과를 묻는 문항에 비해 더 많은 비중을 차지하였다. 기후변화에 대한 인식의 경우, 개념 이해에 비해 비교적 상급학년의 학생들을 대상으로 하고 있다. 초등학생을 대상으로 한 경우는 일부였으며, 중등학생과 대학생을 대상으로 이루어졌다. 그리고 기후변화에 대한 인식 중에 관심, 인간에 의한 발생, 문제해결을 위한 행동은 많은 반면, 기후변화 해소 가능성에 대한 믿음 및 관련 정책에 대한 문항은 적어 지속가능 발전 등의 측면에서 생각해 볼 수 있도록 문항을 구성할 필요가 있다. 기후변화 교육에 대한 관점 설문은 주로 교사를 대상으로 이루어졌으며, 그 내용은 필요성, 실행 수준, 효과, 실행 시 어려움 및 교육 내용으로 구성되어 있어서 교육에 대한 평가나 환류를 대상으로 하고 있다. 본 연구에서 수행한 검사 문항의 유형과 특성에 대한 분석은 기후변화 교육의 성과를 측정하고, 학습자의 지식이나 태도 등의 변화 과정을 추적하기 위해 반드시 필요한 과제이다.
Abstract
This study aimed at analyzing the studies on the investigation of literacy of climate change (hereafter CC) and giving some implications for developing the diagnosis instrument of CC literacy. Thus, this study selected studies relevant to CC from the international journals and they were categorized according to the grade of participants, the type of questionnaire, and content to be asked. The content was mainly identified with the scientific conceptual understanding of CC, attitude towards CC, and perspectives on CC education. In regard to the scientific conceptual understanding, there were various items across the school grade and contents, and the conceptual questions were much more than the cause and effect of CC. As for the attitude, more studies focused on students with higher grades and concentrated more on interest, anthropogenic cause, and behavior whilst policies against CC and sustainable development pertaining to CC were peripheral. The perspectives on the education of CC were designed to give some feedback to teachers and were categorized into the need, practice, effect, difficulty and curriculum. The results of this study are crucial to develop an assessment tool to analyze and reflect teaching strategies and learning outcome related to CC.
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