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전환기 정의와 문민통제: 군부정권 경험 국가들의 양적분석을 중심으로

Transitional justice and civilian control: Focusing on a quantitative analysis of countries with previous military regime

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초록

본 연구는 전환기 정의의 다양한 유형이 문민통제에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 분석하였다. 이를 위해 회복적 정의와 상보적 정의로 분류된 전환기 정의의 주요 요소인 재판, 진실위원회, 사면 보상, 공직 배제에 대해 논의하였다. 결과적으로, 재판은 단기적으로 문민통제를 악화하는 효과를 사면, 보상과 공직 배제는 문민통제와 강한 상관관계를 보였으며, 진실위원회는 상대적으로 약한 상관관계를 보였다. 그러나 장기적인 상관관계를 검증한 결과, 진실위원회도 문민통제에 미치는 중요한 영향을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 전환기 정의가 문민통제에 독립적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 이는 기존에 문민통제에 작동한다고 알려진 변인들과는 별도로 작용한다는 것을 확인하였다. 최종적으로, 이 연구는 전환기 정의가 문민통제에 중요한 영향을 미치며, 이는 과거의 문제나 인권 차원뿐 아니라, 정치제도와 사회 전반에 걸친 영향을 미친다는 점을 강조하였다.

Abstract

This study explores the influence of different transitional justice types, such as trials, truth commissions, amnesty, compensation, and lustration, on civilian control. Trials were found to reduce short-term civilian control, while amnesty, compensation, and lustration strengthened it. Truth commissions had a weaker but long-term impact. Transitional justice was also found to independently affect civilian control, separate from known influencing variables. The research emphasizes transitional justice's broad implications on civilian control, acknowledging its complexity and promoting a nuanced understanding of its diverse effects.

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