탈진실 시대의 리더: 셰익스피어의 『헛소동』이 다룬 허위정보 문제
Leaders in a Post-truth Age: Problems of Disinformation Illustrated in Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing
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초록
이 연구의 목적은 탈진실 사회에서 허위 정보 문제를 탐구하고 위해 셰익스피어의 <헛소동> 에 주목한다. 비록 이 작품이 16세기 후반에 쓰였음에도 불구하고, 작품 속 배경이되는 메시나의 시민들 사이에서 반복적으로 사용되는 조직된 거짓말과 속임수에 의한 신뢰가 붕괴되는 현산은 현대의 탈진실 사회와 많은 유사점을 보인다. 또한 본 연구가 증명하고자 하듯이, 이 작품에서 허위 정보의 확산으로 진실과 거짓의 구분이 흐려지며, 개인들 사이의 불신이 팽배해짐에 따라 결국 공동체의 해체로 이어지는 문제적 양상을 발견하게 된다. 특히 본 연구는 지도자들이 허위 정보의 유통을 적극적으로 용인, 활용하여 탈진실 현상을 가속화함을 지적한다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 한나 아렌트의 '조직된 거짓말', 쟝 보들에야르의 '시뮬라크르', 그리고 기 드보르의 '스펙터클' 개념을 통해 은 셰익스피어의 <헛소동>에 징후적으로 예감됨 허위 정보 문제에 대한 논의를 전개한다.
Abstract
The aim of this essay is to discuss Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing in order to explore and gain understanding of problems of disinformation in a Post-truth society. Although the play was written in the late sixteenth century, this essay argues that the play, anticipating many similarities to a Post-truth society such as a breach of trust by a casual organized lying and deception amongst the citizens of Messina, an emergence of spectacle as the dominant form of social life, and broken relationships by spreading of disinformation, is worth examining to address the problems that people face in their today’s society. The play tells us that when the distinction between truth and falsehood is blurred through the spread of disinformation, it causes the consequence of mistrust between individuals around us and will, then, lead to community disintegration. This essays especially argues that for leaders in this Post-truth age refraining from the circulation of disinformation is not enough unless remedy is found in our understanding of what makes an image as more real than the real thing. For this purpose, Hannah Arendt’s ‘organized lying,’ Jean Baudrillard’s “simulacre,’ and Guy Debord’s ‘spectacle’ are useful concepts in helping us to frame our discussion of disinformation issues symptomatically illustrated in Shakespeare’s Much Ado About Nothing.
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