佔畢齋 金宗直의 「和陶淵明述酒」가 읊은 역사와 현실의 문제 1475년(성종 6) 겨울, 왜 陶淵明의 「述酒」인가?

Abstract

This thesis reads 「Wha-Tao Yuanming Sulju(和陶淵明述酒)」(1475, winter) of Jeompiljae Kim Jong-Jick(1431(Sejong 13)∼1492(Seongjong 23)), which was known as a poem criticizing usurpation of throne by Sejo, through a critical metaphor of political reality in Seongjong period. Key point is that creation motive and contents of the poem were the conflict and a critical mind resulting from Hoiganwang(懷簡王)(Deokjong(德宗)) Bumyo(祔廟) dispute experienced by Hong Gui-Dal(洪貴達)(1438(Sejong 20)∼1504(Yeonsangun 10)) in the Hanyang(漢陽) Court, one of the best friend of Kim Jong-Jick. If 「Wha-Tao Yuanming Sulju」(1475, winter) is seen from composition of content, the introduction specially expressed intention to ‘take a warning of future disloyal group’ by illustrating of YuYu(劉裕)’s rebellion. And, the body text compressively wrote the history from foundation to collapse of Dongjin(東晉) with focusing on droit du seigneur of disloyal subjects. In particular, it cautioned overturn of the relations of sovereign and subject by a few vassals who acquired power through the opportunity when regal power was restricted by them and consequently it brought about extermination of a family and ruination of country even though they helped the king in the first place. Such a strong critical mind was an important clue to the then situation of the royal court in which Kim Jong-Jick and Hong Gui-Dal, one of his literary best friends, were involved. Namely, as for 「Wha-Tao Yuanming Sulju」, argument over Hoiganwang Bumyo intensely experienced by Hong Gui-Dal as Yemungwan-Jikjehak(藝文館-直提學) at the end of 1475(Seongjong 6) was composed of motive and contents of the writing. Evidence is that the point of Hoiganwang Bumyo and the language used therein were also used in similar context in 「Wha-Tao Yuanming Sulju」. Hoiganwang Bumyo was an affair to ‘enthrone a new king’ on pedigree of Joseon(朝鮮) kings historically determined already. Due to occurrence of Bumyo argument, Hoiganwang was earlier proclaimed to the throne pursuant to the Sejo(世祖)’s order than Yejong(睿宗) and therefore, the logic was established that Hoiganwang became a monarch while Yejong was a vassal. Hong Gui-Dal and many vassals who opposed Bumyo were on the position unable to change the legitimate rank of Sejo-Yejong-Seongjong(成宗) historically determined already. The fact that ‘Sillock(實錄) was already compiled’ was also a ground of opposing Bumyo. It was expressed that affair of Hoiganwang Bumyo was ‘an affair for Hoiganwang to break in legitimate pedigree’ and this was ‘a reversal of reason which can be never changed like the order of the earth and the sky[天] as well as four seasons[四時]’. 「Wha-Tao Yuanming Sulju」 does not outwardly treat the affair of Hoiganwang Bumyo. However, it is clear that a critical mind over ‘unchanging rank of sovereign and subject’ and ‘existence of disloyal subject and resultant collapse’ triggered by Bumyo argument operated on 「Wha-Tao Yuanming Sulju」. In other words, 「Wha-Tao Yuanming Sulju」 strictly criticized the situation of ‘gradual collapse of distinct sovereign and subject rank with the high and the low’ and intended to clearly point out the such an end was due to droit du seigneur of power by a few flattering vassals complying with intention of the king. Father and son of Hwanon(桓溫) and Hwanhyeon(桓玄) among ‘4 disloyal subjects’ appearing in 「Wha-Tao Yuanming Sulju」 are interpreted as a metaphor of father and son of Im WonJun(任元濬) and Im SaHong(任士洪) who ‘flattered Seongjong and Daebi[貞熹王后] to play a major role’ in Hoiganwang Bumyo. It expressed a metaphor of strong prophecy and warning that they gained confidence and power of the king through flattery and slander but they had desire to seize power to consequently lead the country to an end as history of Dongjin clearly proved. Introduction of 「Wha-Tao Yuanming Sulju」 used unilateral expression that makers of Muosahwa(戊午史禍) compared this poem with Sejo’s usurpation. However, if we combine the meaning of whole poem with the reality determined through experience of Kim Jong-Jick, and his best friend Hong Gui-Dal in 1475(Seongjong 6) when the poem was written, this is not only an metaphor of Dongjin’s history but also an metaphor of Joseon’s reality in 1475(Seongjong 6). As declared by Kim Jong-Jick in the introduction of 「Wha-Tao Yuanming Sulju」, a will to succeed to Tanghan(湯漢) revealing the truth of the metaphor was completely realized through Tao Yuanming who implied loyal anger and through indicative notes.