Rapprochement between Adversary States in East Asia: China-Vietnam, China-South Korea Diplomatic Normalization in the 1990s
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This research deals with the restoration of relations between nations, focusing on the “normalization of diplomatic relations” between two “adversary states” in East Asia. It aims to determine what causes two enemy states to restore their relations; additionally, the possibility of stable peace is expected, as normalization would not only affect the two protagonist states. Therefore, it can be used as a starting point for stable peace among nations. This research considers two cases: China-Vietnam and China-South Korea normalization in the 1990s. Through these cases, the research is expected to determine the causes and processes of securing stable peace in East Asia. First, the process leading to rapprochement in East Asia follows three steps: (1) Unilateral accommodation, (2) Non-political interaction, and (3) Reciprocal restraint. Additionally, the three variables of “weaker state, domestic policy, and the third party” are building blocks that lead states to rapprochement. The weaker state tends to take the initiative of improving relations. Based on the weaker state’s initiative, its domestic policy promotes societal and economic exchanges between countries. Lastly, the third party plays a key role in the process of restoring relations in East Asia.
Abstract
This research deals with the restoration of relations between nations, focusing on the “normalization of diplomatic relations” between two “adversary states” in East Asia. It aims to determine what causes two enemy states to restore their relations; additionally, the possibility of stable peace is expected, as normalization would not only affect the two protagonist states. Therefore, it can be used as a starting point for stable peace among nations. This research considers two cases: China-Vietnam and China-South Korea normalization in the 1990s. Through these cases, the research is expected to determine the causes and processes of securing stable peace in East Asia. First, the process leading to rapprochement in East Asia follows three steps: (1) Unilateral accommodation, (2) Non-political interaction, and (3) Reciprocal restraint. Additionally, the three variables of “weaker state, domestic policy, and the third party” are building blocks that lead states to rapprochement. The weaker state tends to take the initiative of improving relations. Based on the weaker state’s initiative, its domestic policy promotes societal and economic exchanges between countries. Lastly, the third party plays a key role in the process of restoring relations in East Asia.
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