조선 세조대 ‘女眞 和解事’에 대한 연구 - 申叔舟의 파견을 중심으로 -

Abstract

The Uryangkhad (兀良合) and the Odoli (斡朶里) moved southward to the current Southern Manchurian area to escape from the invasion of Oljeokhap (兀狄合). Since that, time conflict and struggle were repeated. The representative event of this conflict and struggle was the defeat of Tong Monqke Temur (童猛哥帖木兒), the head of the Odoli. The conflict sometimes caused a movement of reconciliation, but during the reign of King Sejong (世宗), it was decided to disperse power and to divide the Jurchen to be more helpful in the defense of the six commanderies rather than to seek reconciliation or integration. The Joseon’s policy began to change along with the reign of King Sejo (世祖). He stressed the legitimacy of the enthronement by noting the so called “heavenly calling,” which was also stressed in his diplomacy. King Sejo promoted the “Jurchen Reconciliation” (女眞 和解事) by dispatching Shin Sukju (申叔舟). This was made by boasting of the newly established power’s legitimacy even though it was caused by the conflicts between the Jurchens. Shin supervised the “Jurchen Reconciliation” in the six commanderies in Hamgil Province (咸吉道) for 80 days. First, he visited the five commanderies near the Tumen River in person and attracted that participation of various chiefs of the Odoli and the Uryangkhad. In the next place, he sent the intention of King Sejo to Uryangkhad leaders (諸種兀狄哈) in a translated into the Jurchen language. When he sent that letter, he used chiefs who had deep relations with Joseon. Finally, he attempted to get compassion from those leaders by giving a cordial reception of wives and children of captured Uryangkhad. Finally,the “Jurchen Reconciliation” was successful due to the participation of the Uryangkhad. However, Ming China objected to the diplomatic relations of the Jurchens of the three commanderies in Jianzhou (建州三衛) with Joseon, and the fact that Nangpaeahan (浪孛兒罕), a supporter of Joseon, interfered in the reconciliation and betrayed Joseon transformed the relations between Joseon and Ming China and the Jurchen. Joseon accepted the request of Ming China regarding the Geonjusamui of Amnok River and declared not to make a communication with them. However, Joseon beheaded the family of Nangbalahan in Amnok River. Although Ming raised the issue of the punishment of Nangpaeahan, Joseon tried to conquer the Moryeonui (毛憐衛). Accordingly, Joseon’s recognition of the Amnok River and the Tuman River basin seemed different. Such recognition took place right after the foundation of Joseon. Since then, it was linked to Gongheomjin (公險眞), which Yun Gwan (尹瓘) of Goryeo had opened after the dispute with Ming China regarding the naming of Jurchen groups. And Joseon had in mind that the north of Tuman river basin,unlike the Amnok River basin, could be incorporated into Joseon’s territory by installing a commandery directly. Thus, the Jurchen in the adjacent areas of The six commanderies north of Tuman River basin intended to comply with the regulations and instructions of Joseon. While the Jurchen Reconciliation during King Sejo’s reign was executed to bring stability in the Tuman river basin, it was conducted under this recognition and background.