속말말갈의 문화적 특징과 형성과정 고찰

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics, origin and establishment process of the cultural contents of Sumo Mohe ruins in the North Songhua River Basin. The representative ruins include Laoheshen Upper class ancient tombs, Chaliba ancient tombs, Dahaimeng Upper class ancient tombs and Shanghewanzhen Bastions. The types of the tombs are divided into Pit tombs, Wooden coffin tombs and Stone tombs, and a majority of them is Pit tombs and Wooden coffin tombs. In time, the Pit Tombs are used in the earliest stages and Wooden Coffin Tombs and Stone Tombs are emerging. Shanghewanzhen Bastions is densely distributed in the hills west of North Songwha River. The mountain fortresses are bastion facilities installed on a traffic route to defend the surrounding settlements. Various relics are excavated, such as earthenware, ironware and accessories, and most of them are cylindrical pots, which is the most 170 | 동북아역사논총 61호characteristic. Sumo Mohe tombs’ funeral ritual characteristics include, the tombs’ direction is from the east to the west, and they focus on the second burial and cremation in Yangshen Zhizhi (Literally, the bodies had been laid in extended supine position, with heads towards the north). Certain rules are found in the burial of the relics, and the phenomenon of Shunsheng (Burial of the living with the dead) in which horse bones were buried. As for the period, Laoheshen is dated about the 5th - 6th century, and Dahaimeng and Chaliba, about the 6th - 8th century. The cultural origin of Sumo Mohe is Guntuling-Fenglin culture in the Sanjiang Plain. Around the 2nd century B.C, With the influence of Han Shu culture, the Guntuling type is emerging. Around the 2nd century, the Wojubased Tuanjie culture and polche cultural elements were introduced to the region, and they are developing into the fenglin type. The Gunturing type may be Yilou, and the Fenglin type may be Wuji. The Sumo Mohe culture originated from the Gunturing-Fenglin culture around the Sangang Plain region. Influenced by the Han Shu 2qi culture in the 2nd century B.C., the Gunturing type emerged, whilst the influx of the Woju-style Tuanjie and Wantinghe components around the 2nd century into this region underpinned the development of the Fenglin type. The Yilou and Wuji tribes are deemed to have been the users of the Gunturing and Fenglin types of culture, respectively. The Gunturing-Fenglin culture moved gradually westward from its center in Shuangyashansi, settling in the north-flowing Songhua River basin around the 5thcentury. The tribes using the Gunturing-Fenglin culture absorbed the native