발해 고분을 통해 본 복속지 지배방식

Abstract

Tombs constructed during the period of ancient Balhae show different aspects depending on the area. Unlike previous studies which focused on the interpretation from a temporal aspect, this study considers it in connection with the method of ruling conquered territory in Balhae. Though Balhae’s tombs are found across all areas where ancient Balhae was located, this study focuses on tomb areas such as the mid-Second Sunghua River(第2松花江) basin, Suifen River(綏芬河) basin and Hamgyeongbuk-do region, where can conduct relatively detailed research. First of all, we found that there were definite differences in tomb composition ratio for each region. In the mid-Second Songhua River basin and Suifen River basin, the majority of tombs were pit graves, and the Hamgyeongbuk-do region, stone chamber tombs were found. It is judged that the existence of pit graves reflects Mohe(靺鞨) influence whereas that of stone chamber tombs reflects Koguryo influence. This pattern also showed in burial artifacts. This was caused by the dual ethnicity of Balhae, the Koguryo people and the Mohe people. Even after Balhae was established the tomb system remained the same with its conventional tradition as according to the identity of the groups that resided in each area. Next, most of the burial artifacts located around the mid-Second Songhua River basin and Suifen River basin, which may have been under the influence of Mohe, such as belt ornaments and others which show the hierarchy of the society, were excavated from pit grave, a Mohe’s traditional tomb. This shows that local communities such as "villages(村落)" were ruled by local leaders rather than those dispatched by the central government. Lastly, tombs located near main administrative places and main traffic hubs in the local area were shown to be similar to the system found in the central area, unlike the main tombs generally found at the local area. That means that the main local places were dominated by the officers dispatched from the central government or was strongly affected by the central rule. Unlike the central area of Balhae, local areas during the period of Balhae recognized the autonomy of local groups and was indirectly ruled by the local authority. But the main or key local area was dominated by officers dispatched by central government or was more strongly affected by the central government than other local areas.