재조선 일본인들의 귀환과 전후의 한국 인식
The Japanese’Return and Changing Recognition from the Colonial Joseon
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Through Japanese people that were returned to their home from colonial Joseon by Japanese defeat in 1945, this paper is examined about their circumstances and changing recognition on Korea, divided into during the occupation by coalition forces, recovery of autonomy and high growth period of Japan. By carrying this study, the recent and contemporary history of Korea and Japan can be understood successionally. The Japanese returned to home made groups to look for rights and interests of themselves. One of the groups was the alliance class reunion(合同窓會) that had nothing to do with their politics inclination, the other was Dowa association(同和協會) consisted of former government officials who had worked for the colonial Japanese authorities. All both groups acted as the mediators to normalize Korea-Japan relationships but they were excluded by Korea-Japan government’s policy line on issues dealt with their property rights which was left in Korea. The turning points which were vastly changed returnees’ recognition on Korea were as follows. The first was Japan’Surrender Declaration, 1945 and Repatriation of Overseas Japanese. The second was that Japan’s War Criminals were passed a death sentence in the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, by being taken the war referred to as A Holy War(聖戰) for A War Crime(戰爭犯罪). The third was the formation of the anti-communism consciousness by the division of the two Koreas and Cold War. The fourth was the fact that their recognition had been changed on South and North Korean by the growth of South Korea economy since 88`Olympics. In the recent, Japanese government began to recognize returnees as the greatest war victims. It is verified with such evidences as various memorials, monument, and the activation of the Shrine(神社). For instance, there are Yasukuni Shrine (靖國神社) and Peace Memorial Museum(平和記念館). Yet they have some of the psychological pressure and damage in Japan of colony contempt behind these conducts. On the other hand, now most old returnees wanted to go again where they were born, bred before dying. They also hope their hometown is always safe from any dangers. After all returnees has been changed from war criminals or imperial collaborators to the greatest war victims or peace protectors by the rise in international position and domestic and foreign changing perception of Japan. Most of returnees, however, don’t feel the sense of guilt on theirselves’conduct exploited the colony or occupied territory. It is that they have the feeling of being victimized in their life by the‘ defeat’and‘ repatriation’. Also, it is that Japanese government continues public relations toward the people for returnees. The correct evaluation of Japanese returnees is an important problem to uprightly understand and set history of Korea- Japan or East Asia.
Abstract
Through Japanese people that were returned to their home from colonial Joseon by Japanese defeat in 1945, this paper is examined about their circumstances and changing recognition on Korea, divided into during the occupation by coalition forces, recovery of autonomy and high growth period of Japan. By carrying this study, the recent and contemporary history of Korea and Japan can be understood successionally. The Japanese returned to home made groups to look for rights and interests of themselves. One of the groups was the alliance class reunion(合同窓會) that had nothing to do with their politics inclination, the other was Dowa association(同和協會) consisted of former government officials who had worked for the colonial Japanese authorities. All both groups acted as the mediators to normalize Korea-Japan relationships but they were excluded by Korea-Japan government’s policy line on issues dealt with their property rights which was left in Korea. The turning points which were vastly changed returnees’ recognition on Korea were as follows. The first was Japan’Surrender Declaration, 1945 and Repatriation of Overseas Japanese. The second was that Japan’s War Criminals were passed a death sentence in the International Military Tribunal for the Far East, by being taken the war referred to as A Holy War(聖戰) for A War Crime(戰爭犯罪). The third was the formation of the anti-communism consciousness by the division of the two Koreas and Cold War. The fourth was the fact that their recognition had been changed on South and North Korean by the growth of South Korea economy since 88`Olympics. In the recent, Japanese government began to recognize returnees as the greatest war victims. It is verified with such evidences as various memorials, monument, and the activation of the Shrine(神社). For instance, there are Yasukuni Shrine (靖國神社) and Peace Memorial Museum(平和記念館). Yet they have some of the psychological pressure and damage in Japan of colony contempt behind these conducts. On the other hand, now most old returnees wanted to go again where they were born, bred before dying. They also hope their hometown is always safe from any dangers. After all returnees has been changed from war criminals or imperial collaborators to the greatest war victims or peace protectors by the rise in international position and domestic and foreign changing perception of Japan. Most of returnees, however, don’t feel the sense of guilt on theirselves’conduct exploited the colony or occupied territory. It is that they have the feeling of being victimized in their life by the‘ defeat’and‘ repatriation’. Also, it is that Japanese government continues public relations toward the people for returnees. The correct evaluation of Japanese returnees is an important problem to uprightly understand and set history of Korea- Japan or East Asia.
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