일본 역사교과서의 강화도조약 기술 검토
Analysis of the Ganghwa Treaty as Written in Japanese History Textbooks
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The Japanese history textbooks which discuss the Ganghwa Treaty contain numerous errors, though written concisely. They not only describe the letter of the daimyō of Tsushima as that sent from the new emperor, but certain textbooks also diminish the importance of diplomatic relations with Joseon to a mere demarcation of the boundaries, which reveals their distorted view towards Joseon as only a subject to lift its isolation policy. The description of Korea-Japan relations in the early Meiji period up to the Ganghwa Treaty finds its key note in the claim that the “Subdue Korea” debate (Seikanron ), which forced the opening of Joseon,appeared because Joseon, due to its reclusive closed-door policy and the exclusion of foreigners, refused the new Meiji Government emperor’s message, and thereafter the Ganghwa (Unyō ) incident inevitably occurred to open the door to the world. This topic requires an explanation truly based on facts more so than any other topic, because it was the starting point of Korea-Japan relations in the modern age in which invasions and resistance prevailed. It need not be said that description based on facts is important when educating young generations, who shall reflect the unfortunate relations of the past and search for the desirable future of the two nations. Korea and Japan had sustained friendly relations for decades, and the Ganghwa Treaty was the result of the new diplomatic relations which began from the Meiji Restoration. Japanese did not request Joseon to open its door and make friendships with western nations, but asked Joseon for the establishment of diplomatic relations. There was not a single clause in the Ganghwa Treaty that forced Joseon to open its doors. In fact, the Ganghwa Treaty was rather the reorganization of the trade relations, which mainly took place on Tsushima Island and at the Japan House (Waegwan , a small compound near Busan), than an unequal treaty that forcibly opened Joseon to the international community and fulfilled Japan’s requests unilaterally.
Abstract
The Japanese history textbooks which discuss the Ganghwa Treaty contain numerous errors, though written concisely. They not only describe the letter of the daimyō of Tsushima as that sent from the new emperor, but certain textbooks also diminish the importance of diplomatic relations with Joseon to a mere demarcation of the boundaries, which reveals their distorted view towards Joseon as only a subject to lift its isolation policy. The description of Korea-Japan relations in the early Meiji period up to the Ganghwa Treaty finds its key note in the claim that the “Subdue Korea” debate (Seikanron ), which forced the opening of Joseon,appeared because Joseon, due to its reclusive closed-door policy and the exclusion of foreigners, refused the new Meiji Government emperor’s message, and thereafter the Ganghwa (Unyō ) incident inevitably occurred to open the door to the world. This topic requires an explanation truly based on facts more so than any other topic, because it was the starting point of Korea-Japan relations in the modern age in which invasions and resistance prevailed. It need not be said that description based on facts is important when educating young generations, who shall reflect the unfortunate relations of the past and search for the desirable future of the two nations. Korea and Japan had sustained friendly relations for decades, and the Ganghwa Treaty was the result of the new diplomatic relations which began from the Meiji Restoration. Japanese did not request Joseon to open its door and make friendships with western nations, but asked Joseon for the establishment of diplomatic relations. There was not a single clause in the Ganghwa Treaty that forced Joseon to open its doors. In fact, the Ganghwa Treaty was rather the reorganization of the trade relations, which mainly took place on Tsushima Island and at the Japan House (Waegwan , a small compound near Busan), than an unequal treaty that forcibly opened Joseon to the international community and fulfilled Japan’s requests unilaterally.
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