최근 조사자료를 통해 본 중국 소재 고구려 성곽의 운용양상–이해의 한계와 새로운 접근의 가능성을 중심으로

Abstract

The Prime Tortoise of the Record Bureau (冊府元龜) states that Tang Dynasty (唐) forces occupied the beacon fire station line (烽燧線) along the Liaoho River (遼河) by surprise attack in the War of 645. This means that beacon fire stations located at the end of the Koguryo kingdom’s defense system played an important role in the organic operation of the defense system. The existence of beacon fire stations was investigated centering on the area west of Jilin city (吉林市) and Jian city (集安市) and east of the Liaoho River. It was found that the beacon fire system was utilized on main transportation routes. Together with small and large fortresses, the beacon fire stations line formed Koguryo’s defense system and local ruling organization. Koguryo fortresses were probably constructed in eastern Jilin Province, which was once ruled by Okjeo (沃沮). Yet there are only a few fortresses identified as Koguryo fortresses. In a previous study, this author stated that the locational condition of fortresses located on traffic routes to the Koguryo kingdom’s central area is also a clue in determining whether they were constructed by Koguryo or not. According to a recent investigation and report in this regard, the Undu fortress (雲頭山城) shows that it was constructed by the typical method for a Koguryo stone fortress and also exhibited local features. Now that these characteristics are found in fortresses along the northern shore of the Tumen River (豆滿江), they identify the Koguryo kingdom’s construction of the fortresses and show the features of stone fortresses in that region. A report published recently by the Jilin Province Cultural Relics Bureau (吉林省文物局) concluded that Laobiangang (老邊崗) is the remains of the Great Wall of Koguryo (高句麗千里長城). Accordingly, this is likely to soon resolve a long-standing debate about what are remains of the Great Wall of Koguryo. However, the true nature of Laobiangang is still ambiguous because of the following facts: there still remains the question of whether Laobiangang can be regarded as defense facilities; there are no auxiliary facilities such as troopstationing facilities in Laobiangang; and Koguryo relics are not found in Laobiangang.