난징[南京] 점령지의 일본군 위안소와 ‘위안부’ 피해

Abstract

Nanjing was the capital of the Republic of China and the place where the Japanese military headquarters -that committed the Nanjing massacre -was located. Ergo, as there was a large number of Japanese military brothels in the area, the “Japanese military sexual slavery” system was fully implemented for the longest period here. Having the largest number of military brothels and “comfort women,” Nanjing saw the greatest number of “comfort women” victims including Chinese, Korean and Japanese. Japanese military brothels were established immediately after the occupation under the plan of high-ranking Japanese military officials. The military brothels were established by the Japanese military directly, by Japanese citizens, and by the pro-Japanese governments in various locations in the city and continued to exist until Japan’s surrender. To quickly establish the military brothels, Japanese military officers forcibly requisitioned women in Nanjing. The majority of these women were forcibly recruited as “Japanese military sexual slaves” by pro- Japanese Chinese, and the reason behind such situation was related to the Japanese military’s policy of Nanjing occupation. The Japanese military formed a pro-Japanese regime in Nanjing and let the regime to conscript “comfort women,” and to operate the stations. The types of the Japanese military brothels were diverse, ranging from direct operations by the Japanese military, operations by ethnic Koreans in Japan, privatization of the designation of Japanese soldiers to operations by pro-Japanese organizations. During the eight years of Nanjing occupation by the Japanese military, various types of comfort stations were operated in the cities and suburbs of Nanjing; approximately 40 to 60 locations have been investigated so far. Based on the documents of yet-to-be-released pro-Japanese organization of Nanjing and the testimonies of “Japanese military sexual slavery” victims, this paper analyses the reality of the comfort stations during the Nanjing occupation, including the followings: sexually transmitted diseases, opium, suicide, murder, death, disruption of discipline by the Japanese military, violation of international law, and various consequences of the “Japanese military sexual slavery.” As the current responsibility lies on the victims and the victim countries to prove the establishments of Japanese military’s comfort stations and the sufferings of the “comfort women,” this paper aims to help heal the wounds of the victims and to further reveal the truths of the types of Japanese military brothels and the “comfort women” system in the occupied Nanjing area.