전후 전범재판에서의 난징대학살 심판－아시아 부재론을 중심으로－

Abstract

The Nanjing Incident occurred on December 13, 1937, as a result of illegal and inhumane acts such as slaughter, looting, rape, arson, etc. by Japanese troops occupying Nanjing City, the capital of the then-China Democratic Party. China's official opinion on the number of people killed is about 300,000, so the expression “Nanjing Massacre” is appropriate. The Nanjing Military Judicial Court (南京軍事法廷) and the Far East International Military Tribunal (after the 極東國際軍事裁判, Tokyo Tribunal) held the war crimes trial against the Nanjing Massacre. In the Nanjing Military Court, only B-class war criminal Tani Hisao was executed for the war crimes of the Nanjing Massacre. In addition, in the Tokyo Tribunal, Matsui Iwane and Hirota Koki were prosecuted for "a crime against humanity" in connection with the Nanjing Massacre, but they were only executed as "responsibility of omission" rather than direct command or order. As a result, the Japanese people do not recognize the whole picture of the Nanjing Massacre, and historical revisionists say that "the Nanjing Massacre was manipulated to make Japan a villain in the Tokyo trial." There are Japanese denialists who deny the Tokyo trial as a “winner's trial” despite the decision of the Tokyo trial, which was also recognized by the San Francisco Peace Treaty. Therefore, in this paper, I used their logic to trace that the Nanjing Massacre Tribunal judged by the Tokyo Tribunal was a “winner's trial” due to the lack of awareness of colonial rule. Since the war crimes trial against the Nanjing Massacre was a trial conducted by colonial states mainly in the United States and Europe, the Japanese people's perception of history was settled by the perception that they were defeated in war rather than reflection on war crimes? For this reason, certain crimes such as sexual slavery and forced conscription were excluded from the Tokyo trial, and the responsibility of businessmen, politicians, and bureaucrats other than the soldiers and military units led by Tojo was not held. As a result, the historical issues related to the Asian-Pacific War in Northeast Asia are encouraging another historical conflict beyond the times.