유인식의 『대동사(大東史)』에 보이는 ‘대동’과 발해 인식

Abstract

After the fall of Balhae, the historical record left by the Balhae people was not passed down, and it took a long time for the history of Balhae to be defined as the period of the North and South Korea along with the unified Silla in Korean history. Preceding scholars have advanced our understanding of the history of Balhae through the indirect records. Yoo Insik’s The Daedong History(『大東史』: The Great east History) inherited and developed the orthodox theory of Dan-Gi(檀箕), which had been developed since the 17th century, and proceeded to the orthodox theory of Dangun(檀君). It is also significant in that it shows the early form of nationalist historiography that overcomes Silla’s orthodox theory and Chineseism(toadyism) and recognizes Balhae as its own history. The ‘Daedong(大東: Great east)’ depicted by Yoo Insik in The Daedong History is a descendant of Dangun and the Baedal(倍達) tribe as ‘Manhan joint name(滿韓統稱)’ And, their space is drawn in the spatial category of Daedong. However, not all of the five groups of the Baedal tribe are the main characters in ‘Daedong History’. They are divided into subject and object. The difference between the ideal and the actual situation of ‘Daedong’ in ‘Daedong History’ is that nationalist historians tried to understand and expand ‘Manhan’ as a single space and a pan-ethnic group. This is because of the real problems faced by the nation, the interest in Manchuria as a space for the independence movement, and the need to expand the power of the nation. The greatest result of this ideal expansion of ethnicity and historical space is that the history of Balhae has been more firmly established in the Korean historical system than in previous periods. Practical scholars in the late Joseon Dynasty recognized Balhae as a neighboring state → a successor state to Koguryo → an independent country. Yoo In-sik’s The Daedong History is a model of the development of the third stage, and it is depicted as succeeding Dangun’s legitimacy in both lineage and territory, succeeding Koguryo, and forming Silla and the North and South Koreas. In terms of lineage, it was connected to all five Baedal tribes, and The territory was seen as a restoration of the old land of Koguryo, which inherited the legitimacy of Dangun-Joseon. Restoring the old land of Koguryo, the former vassal of Koguryo, has the same meaning as the completion of Daedong. Furthermore, Balhae was called “Eastern Powerful Kingdom(東方盛國),” and not only did Balhae become an independent country on an equal footing with Silla from The Daedong History into the Northern and Southern Dynasties, but it also positioned Balhae within the broad framework of world history. Therefore, it is a development of Balhae history recognition, and it is also of historical significance.