『송사(宋史)』 고려전(高麗傳)의 사원(史源)

Abstract

The Song Dynasty undertook the meticulous compilation of multilayered historical records, encompassing a comprehensive account of political developments and the systematic organization of associated documents. This compilation comprised various categories, including Diaries (日曆), Memoirs (備忘錄), Monthly Political Reports (時政記), and Veritable Records (實錄). Furthermore, the Song Dynasty produced a series of four National Histories (國史), complete with chronicles and biographical content, and sequentially compiled sections within these historical volumes to describe their diplomatic interactions with the neighboring Goryeo dynasty. Notably, the Goryeo section in the History of Song corresponds extensively with the Goryeo segment in the National Histories . This alignment is substantiated by the remarkable congruence between the Goryeo entries found in encyclopedias contemporaneously compiled. Consequently, the Goryeo section within the History of Song predominantly mirrors the historical perspectives and interpretations of Goryeo as perceived by Song Dynasty historians. However, the Song Dynasty’s historical account of Goryeo is widely regarded as a representation of the viewpoints held by conservatives who opposed diplomatic and trade relations with Goryeo. As a result, the Goryeo section in the History of Song primarily emphasizes Goryeo’s uncooperative stance towards the Song Dynasty, particularly concerning the proposal for a coalition against the Khitan Empire and Jin Dynasties. It highlights the challenges and difficulties that the Song Dynasty faced in its interactions with Goryeo. In essence, the overarching narrative adopts a critical and negative portrayal of Goryeo, emphasizing its perceived hindrance to Song Dynasty interests. Contemporary analyses of Goryeo’s diplomatic interactions with the Song Dynasty typically portray Goryeo’s diplomacy as ‘pragmatic.’ This assessment can be seen as a departure from and an acknowledgment of the Song historians’ critical appraisal of Goryeo’s pragmatic approach, as documented in the Goryeo section of the History of Song .