조중고고발굴대의 조사와 북한 - 중국의 고조선 역사 갈등 - 『안지민 일기』를 중심으로

Abstract

In this paper, the author reexamined the North Korea-Chinese joint excavation(NKCE as below) on Gojoseon, which was conducted from 1963 to 1965 years. This reexamination is based on the newly published An Zhimin’s diary in the 2020 year, who headed the Chinese team of NKCE. In 1955, immediately after the Korean War, the Soviet Union published colossal series of “The History of the World” which North Korea strongly opposed it. The reason was that this book describes the beginning of the ancient history of Korea since the Chinese prefecture and the Three Kingdoms period without mentioning Gojoseon. This caused Lee Ji-rin’s study of Gojoseon at Peking University. After receiving his diploma in 1961, to prove his research, Lee, Ji-Rinorganized NKCE in the 1963 year. However, contrary to Lee Ji-rin’s wishes, he failed to find the center of Gojoseon. Subsequently, in 1964 year Lee, Ji-rin withdrew from the front line, and archaeologists from North Korea headed to the front to prove the existence of Gojoseon by proving accompanied burials (殉葬) on the excavation of the stone filed tombs like Gangshang and Loushang in the Dalian area and defining it as a slavery society. And North Korean researchers regarded this as significant evidence of Gojoseon’s existence. On the other hand, NKCE paradoxically triggered the conflict between Korea and China. So, in 1965, the last term of joint research, most of the joint field work has canceled, but zengjiawozi burial site, Shenyang. Anyway, the most significant noble tomb No. 6512 of zengjiawozi has been ruled out from the joint excavation report. If considered the No.6512 tomb is the biggest tomb of Gojoseon during the 5th cen BCE, this was intended by the chinese team. Shortly after the NKCE, china went through a severe period of the Cultural Revolution and the two countries never could communicate over the history of Gojoseon. These two countries soon began to experience conflict as nationalist views of history were spreading rapidly. Since 2002, China dramatically changes its view over ancient Korean history and claimed its historical authority over Manchuria as seen in the doctrine Northeast Asia Project. The NKCE, regarded as China’s first and last large international joint excavation, ended in disruption and became a taboo case in China. However, NKCE’s meaning is very significant. After this joint work, China’s point of historical view on Manchuria radically changed as a spread of Chinese people(漢族)-centered history. It is no exaggeration to say that China’s aggressive and expansionary view of history began with the reaction to the conflict between Gojoseon and North Korea 60 years ago. In addition, the system for the archaeology of Gojoseon established by NKCE still retains its influence on the study of Gojoseon in South Korea. As such, for both Korea and China, NKCE was never a minor incident that was forgotten or ended in a conflict. Rather, it was a huge undercurrent that begins a lengthy historical dispute over Gojoseon between the two countries and defined the contemporary study of Gojoseon research in South Korea.