호텔종사원의 심리적 자본과 직무열의, 조직시민행동, 고객지향성의 구조적 관계
The Structural Relationship between Psychological Capital, Job Engagement, Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Customer Orientation of Hotel Employees
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초록
본 연구는 서울ㆍ부산에 소재한 특급호텔에 근무하는 호텔종사원을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 표본추출방법은 편의표본추출방법을 사용하였으며 설문조사는 2017년 5월부터 7월까지 약 2개월에 걸쳐 조사하였다. 설문지는 287부를 분석 자료로 이용하였다. 배포된 설문지를 회수하여 얻은 자료들은 SPSS 20.0을 이용하여 신뢰도 분석 및 탐색적 요인분석을 실행하였고, Amos 20.0을 이용하여 공분산구조분석(structural equation model: SEM)실행하였다. 가설검증 결과 첫째, 호텔종사원의 심리적 자본은 직무열의에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되어 심리적 자본을 높게 지각할수록 직무열의가 높아지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 호텔종사원의 직무열의는 조직시민행동에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 호텔종사원의 직무열의는 고객지향성에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 호텔종사원의 조직시민행동은 고객지향성에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 직무열의에 영향을 미치는 직무자원을 합리적으로 지원함으로써 개인자원을 통하여 직무열의를 높이는 방안을 강구할 필요성을 보여주는 의미 있는 결과이다. 그러므로 호텔기업에서는 직무자율성, 업무 다양성, 과업 중요성 등의 직무자원을 종사원들에게 효과적으로 지원함으로써 그들이 자신의 직무를 수행하는데 있어 높은 성과를 나타내기 위하여 노력하고 심리적으로 몰입할 수 있도록 구조적으로 시스템화하는 것이 무엇보다 중요하다.
Abstract
This study surveyed hotel employees who served for five-star hotels located in Seoul and Busan. The convenience sampling was used for the sampling method, and the questionnaire survey was conducted for about two months from May 2017 to July 2017. 287 questionnaire copies were used for data analysis. Data obtained from the collected questionnaires were subjected to reliability analysis and exploratory factor analysis, using SPSS 20.0, and to covariance structure analysis (SEM: structural equation modeling), using Amos 20.0. As a result of hypothesis testing, first, it was found that the hotel employees’ psychological capital had significant positive (+) effects on their job engagement, showing that the higher the perception on psychological capital, the higher the job engagement. Second, it was found that the hotel employees’ job engagement had significant positive (+) effects on their organizational citizenship behavior. Third, it was found that the hotel employees’ job engagement had significant positive (+) effects on their customer orientation. Lastly, it was found that the hotel employees’ organizational citizenship behavior had significant positive (+) effects on their customer orientation. The findings of this study are significant results that show the need to draw up measures for increasing job engagement through personal resources by rationally supporting job resources that influence job engagement. Therefore, what matters most of all in a hotel company is structural systematization that enables its employees to make efforts and be psychologically engaged to achieve high performance in their jobs, by effectively providing the employees with the support of job resources such as job autonomy, work diversity, task significance, etc.
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