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미국 쇠퇴론의 쟁점과 실증적 분석

Is America Declining? An Analytical and Empirical Examination

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주제분류정치외교학

초록

제2차 세계대전 이후 국제체제에서 미국의 힘과 위상의 변화는 학계의 이론화는 물론 실천가들의 미래 예측의 주요한 대상이었고, 그 노력은 미국쇠퇴론을 둘러싼 논란으로 나타났다. 미국 쇠퇴론은 부침을 거듭했다. 미국 쇠퇴론은 1960년대 이래 미국의 지속적인 상대적 하락으로 1980년대 후반에 정점에 이르렀다가, 냉전의 종언과 9/11 테러 이후 쇠퇴하였고, 최근 미국 발 세계금융위기를 계기로는 다시 부상하였다. 이 글은 케네디, 퍼거슨과 나이의 논의를 바탕으로 미국 쇠퇴론의 주요한 쟁점을 대외정책 목표의 과대팽창과 재정 및 인력 동원의 내부적 한계의 두 가지로 정리하고, 군사와 경제의 분야에서 이들 과대팽창과 내부적 한계의 현황 및 그에 대한 미국의 정책적 대응을 검토한다.

Abstract

Is America declining? This question has arisen (again) in the wake of the 2008 financial meltdown, and dominated the agenda of both practitioners and academics of international relations. The purpose of this paper is two-fold:analyzing and empirically evaluating the controversies over America’s decline. This paper identifies two main issues of imperial overstretch and imperial denial, focusing on the competing viewpoints of Paul Kennedy, Niall Ferguson and Joseph S. Nye Jr; and examines the state of America’s military and economic power by drawing upon the Obama administration’s policies.

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