시장경제 이후 러시아 사회복지사의 실태와 전망
The Conditions and Prospects of Russian Social Workers since Market Economy
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본고는 계획경제에서 시장경제로 이행한 이후 등장한 러시아 사회복지사의 실태를 분석하고 전망하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 러시아 사회복지사 출현의 배경과 과정, 사회사업대학교육의 실태, 사회복지사가 직면한 문제점들을 분석했고, 이를 바탕으로 사회복지사의 발전가능성을 전망했다. 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 시장경제 이후 자본주의적 사회문제가 발생하고, 취약계층의 삶이 악화되는 등 사회복지사가 필요한 조건이 조성된 1990년대 초 기존의 사회복지시설종사자와 차별화된 전문직을 지향한 일군의 사회사업스페셜리스트들이 사회복지사조직을 만들었는데, 이들이 러시아 최초의 사회복지사였다. 둘째, 같은 시기 사회복지전문가를 양성하기 위한 교육기관도 생겨났다. 사회사업을 새로운 사회과학 및 인문학의 하나로 인정한 모스크바, 상트페테르부르크, 사라토프의 일부 대학들이 사회사업학과를 개설한 것이다. 셋째, 러시아 사회복지사는 정부와 시민의 전문직업 불인정, 근로빈민 수준의 낮은 보수, 사회복지사의 직업적 지위와 자격을 규정한 사회복지사 관련 법령의 미비 등 매우 심각한 문제점을 안고 있다. 러시아와 사회복지사 등장배경이 유사한 중국은 정부가 사회복지사의 역할과 지위를 확고히 하는 데 앞장섰다. 사회복지사 자격 국가시험의 신설, 사회복지사 자격에 관한 법령의 제정, 사회복지사 활동영역의 개발, 사회복지사 처우개선 등을 정부가 주도해 나갔다는 것이다. 이런 중국의 사례는 러시아 사회복지사제도의 발전에 많은 점을 시사한다.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the conditions and prospects of Russian social workers since the transformation from planned economy to market economy. For the purpose, the backgrounds and process of social workers’ appearance, the conditions of social work college education, and problems of social workers were analyzed, and developmental possibility of social workers was prospected. The results are as follows;First, the first Russian social workers were appeared in 1991 when the new capitalist social problems were prevailed and lives of weak groups were worsened since market economy. They were the social work specialists who defined themselves different from the traditional workers in social welfare institutions. Second, social welfare colleges for training professional social workers were also appeared. Some colleges in Moscow, Saint Petersburg and Saratov recognized social work as new social and human science, and opened the social work department. Third, Russian social workers have very serious problems such as unawareness of social workers as a profession by government and citizen, very low wage, and no laws on social workers’occupational status and licence. Russian and Chinese social worker have similar background and plans for the construction and development of social workers’ status in government-led expansion policy of social welfare. In Russia, the most important issue of social workers is no laws and low recognition on social workers. In order to overcome it, the public officials of social welfare department, social welfare institutions and social work professors must try to change the attitudes of government and citizens toward social workers who are necessary professions in social welfare delivery system.
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- "러시아사회교육자ㆍ사회복지사조합 2014/8/3"[URL]