세계금융위기 이후의 국제정치경제： G-20의 제도적 한계와 정책적 차이
The International Political Economy after the Global Financial Crisis Policy Differences and Institutional Limitations of G-20
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초록
신흥시장국가들의 협조 없이 세계금융위기를 해결하기 어렵다는 사실을 인식한 서방 선진공업국들은 G-7을 확대·개편한 G-20을 중심으로 국제정책공조를 도 모해왔다. 그러나 G-20은 정책적 차이와 제도적 한계로 인해 아직까지 가시적인 성과를 내지 못하고 있다. 국가간 대립구도가 각 쟁점별로 중층적으로 형성되어 있어, 모든 회원국들이 만족할만한 합의를 도출해내기가 어렵다. 거시경제정책, 세 계경제 불균형, 국제금융체제 개혁 및 금융권의 급여보상제도 등의 쟁점을 둘러싸 고 선진공업국들과 신흥경제국, 영미권 대 유럽 및 동아시아 국가들이 대립하고 있다. 정책적 차이는 제도적 차이에서 기원한다고 할 수 있다. 자유민주주의와 시 장자본주의를 추구하는 서방 선진공업국가들의 모임인 G-7과 달리, G-20에는 권위주의(또는 독재)와 국가자본주의를 표방하는 신흥시장국가들이 포함되어 있다. 근본적으로 G-20은 정책공조를 위한 논의의 장이지 집행기구가 아니다. 따라서 G-20은합의사항의 이행을 감시·감독할 명분과 권한이 없다. 이런 제도적 한계 와 정책적 차이를 고려할 때, G-20이 국제정책공조에서 핵심적인 역할을 수행할 것이라는 예상하기에는 아직 이르다고 할 수 있다.
Abstract
A growing consensus that the global financial crisis could not be managed without the help of emerging market economies has led Western industrial countries to empower G-20 rather than G-7. Yet, G-20 has not yielded fruitful results. After a series of negotiations, serious confrontations have still existed between Anglo-American and European / East Asian countries around key issues: e.g., macroeconomic policy, global imbalances, reform of the international financial architecture, and executive compensation in the banking sector. These confrontations have an institutional origin. In terms of political and economic system, there are fundamental differences between Western industrial economies and emerging market ones. The first are democratic and market-oriented, while the latter authoritarian and state-led. Further, G-20 is nothing more than a forum for discussion. Thus G-20 has neither legitimacy nor authority to enforce its members to implement policy recommendations. Due to policy differences and institutional limitations, it might be premature to expect that G-20 would be a new centerpiece of international policy coordination.
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