G20의 부상과 중견국가 한국의 금융외교
The Rise of G20 and Korea's Financial Diplomacy as a Middle Power
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미국발 세계금융위기를 계기로 G20이 글로벌 경제거버넌스의 최고협의체로 부상하고, 권력의 동서이전이 가속화되는 신세계질서가 본격적으로 대두하고 있다. 이 논문은 G20의 부상으로 대표되는 금융외교의 중요성에 비춰 한국외교가 나아갈 방향을 모색한다. 그동안 한국의 금융외교는 글로벌 경제거버넌스에서 한국의 발언권을 강화하는 무대로서 G20을 적극적으로 활용하지 않았다. 글로벌 금융위기를 거치면서 G20 정상회의가 정례화되고 한국은 공동의장국으로서 회의를 개최하게 되었다. G20체제는 제도화, 대표성, 효과성 면에서 기회와 도전의 요소를 동시에 내포하고 있다. 한국은 기회의 요인을 살리기 위해 국제체계 내 능력에 상응하는 중견국가 금융외교 전략을 구사할 필요가 있다. 촉매자로서 국제금융거버넌스에 관한 의제 설정에 적극적으로 참여하고 의제의 다양화와 광역화를 시도해야 한다. 촉진자로서 G20 안팎의 개도국과 NGOs 등과 정책네트워크를 구축하여 G20의 지지기반을 강화해야 한다. 그리고 관리자로서 회원국 간 이해갈등을 조정하며, 공약의 실행력을 높여 G20의 효과성을 제고하고, G20체제의 제도화를 심화시킬 필요가 있다.
Abstract
Since the outbreak of the U.S-originated global financial crisis, the Group of Twenty(G20) has risen to a premier forum for global economic governance. And a new world order is in the making, prompted by the transfer of economic power from West to East. This article explores the policy challenges that Korea's financial diplomacy is facing in the 21st century. Until recently, G20 has not been seen as a center stage of financial diplomacy for Korea to strengthen her say in global economic governance. G20 has both opportunities and challenges in terms of institutionalization, representativeness and effectiveness. As a host country of the newly regularized G20, Korea needs to use a middle power statecraft for a strategy of financial diplomacy. As a catalyst, first of all, Korea must take active part in agenda setting on global financial governance with diversified and broadened agenda for G20. Secondly, as a facilitator, the political base of support needs to be strengthened through building policy networks with developing countries and non-governmental organizations as well. Finally, Korea's roles as a manager include deepening the institutional depth and effectiveness of G20 by coordinating the conflict of interests among member countries and by promoting their compliance with commitments.
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