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지지율로 본 조지 W. 부시 대통령의 임기

An Analysis on Approval Ratings of President George W. Bush

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주제분류정치외교학

초록

본 연구는 조지 W. 부시 대통령 지지율의 특징은 무엇인지 알아보는 것으로 목적으로 한다. 이를 위해 조지 W. 부시 대통령 지지율에 있어 테러와 전쟁으로 인해 결집효과의 영향력이 어느 정도인지 알아보며 가장 중요하게 논의되는 경제상황이 그의 지지율에 미친 영향력에 대해 분석해 본다. 또한, 비슷한 경험을 한 조지 W. 부시 대통령의 아버지 조지 H. W. 부시 대통령과의 비교를 통해 유사점과 차이점은 무엇이었는지 알아보려 한다. 조지 W. 부시 대통령의 지지율에 대해 분석하는 것은 과거에 비해 허니문효과는 약해지고 경제상황의 영향력은 커지고 있는 상황에서 결집효과의 영향력이 다발적으로 나타났을 때 지지율은 어떠한 방향으로 전개되며 경제상황의 영향력은 어떻게 작용하는지 알 수 있는 기회를 제공한다는 점에서 의미가 있다. 분석결과 조지 W. 대통령에게 있어 결집효과는 8년 동안 지지율 변화를 설명하는데 있어 가장 중요한 요인임을 알 수 있었다. 911테러, 아프가니스탄 전쟁, 그리고 이라크 전쟁으로 인한 결집효과의 발생과 소멸은 조지 W. 부시 대통령의 지지율 변화를 설명하는 데 결정적인 역할을 하였다. 한편, 일반적으로 대통령 지지율 변화에 근원적 영향을 미치는 경제상황을 보는 국민들의 시각은 조지 W. 부시 대통령 지지율을 설명함에 있어 미비하게 작용하고 있었다. 조지 W. 부시 대통령의 지지율은 임기 말을 제외하고 경제상황을 보는 국민들의 시각과는 무관하게 움직였다. 조지 W. 부시 대통령 임기 동안 소멸되지 않고 남아 있었던 결집효과와 경제상황 시각이 혼재되어 지지율이 나타났기 때문이다. 이로 인해 경제상황을 보는 국민들의 시각을 통해 조지 W. 부시 대통령의 지지율을 설명하기에는 한계가 있다. 이는 조지 W. 부시 대통령의 지지율이 다른 대통령들과는 차이를 보이는 중요한 특징이라고 말할 수 있다.

Abstract

This paper aims at examining characteristics of George W. Bush's approval ratings. For this, the paper investigates the effect of rally around the flag caused by terrors and wars on approval ratings of George W. Bush. Likewise, it analyzes the effect of economic condition on his presidential approval ratings. In general, presidential approval ratings are fundamentally influenced by the public view on the economic condition of the nation. However, it was believed that approval ratings of George W. Bush were mainly influenced by the effect of rallying around the flag due to the September 11 Attacks, the Afghanistan war, and the Iraq war. Therefore, it is interesting to see which factor has an effect on the change in approval ratings of George W. Bush. Also, the paper compares approval ratings of George W. Bush with George H. W. Bush's to see why George W. Bush was reelected while George H. W. Bush failed to get reelected even though they went through similar paths. The results show that rally effects mostly explain changes of George W. Bush's approval ratings. On the other hand, the results exhibit that the public view on the economic condition of the nation which is a deterministic factor in explaining presidential approvals ratings doesn't play a role in explaining George W. Bush's popularity. Lastly, the results show that approval ratings of George W. Bush declined after rally effects faded away but he still got strong support from the public which led to successful reelection. However, George H. W. Bush's ratings went down dramatically after the rally effect disappeared. His popularity was too low to defeat his opponent in the 1992 presidential election. Geroge W. Bush had a hard time in his second term; however, his approval ratings mainly influenced by rally effects helped him stay in office for 8 years.

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