‘인간안보’의 북한적 함의：북한인권문제 개입을 중심으로
The North Korean Implication of ‘Human Security’: the Intervention for North Korean Human Rights Issues
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세계적 차원의 냉전은 1990년대 초에 끝이 났지만, 한반도에는 여전히 냉전이 진행형으로 남아있다. 그 결과 한반도의 안보개념은 국가적 특수성이 여전히 강하지만, 국제사회는 이미 인간의 비안보적 환경을 개선하기 위해 국제적인 접근법인 인간안보의 개념을 제시하고 있다. 그렇다면 인간안보의 개념을 한반도의 상황에 적용할 방법은 없는가? 본 논문은 인간안보를 북한 인권문제 개입의 명분으로 제시하고 있다. 인간안보의 두 가지 관점, 즉 ‘공포로부터의 자유’와 ‘궁핍으로부터의 자유’는 북한 인권문제에 대한 자유권적 접근과 생존권적 접근이 서로 상충하는 것이 아님을 보여주고 있다. 따라서 북한 인권의 개선을 위해 이 두 요소를 통합하는 새로운 접근방법이 필요하다. 이를 위해서는 자유권과 생존권 그리고 공포로부터의 자유와 궁핍으로부터 의 자유를 모두 논의할 수 있는 포괄적 협상의 장이 필요하다.
Abstract
To the rest of the world, the Cold War ended in the early 1990s; however, it still remains on the Korean Peninsula. As a result, whereas the concept of ‘security’ on the Korean Peninsula is still strong for the national particularities, in the international society, the concept of ‘human security’ has already been suggested to improve the non-security environment of human beings. Then is there any way to apply the concept of ‘human security’ to the situation of Korean Peninsula? This paper recommends ‘human security’ as the reason for intervention in North Korean human rights issues. The two viewpoints for ‘human security,’ the freedom from ‘fear’ and the freedom from ‘privation,’ have expressed that the approaches to Civil and Political Rights, and Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights of North Korea are not contradictive factors. Therefore, we need the new approaches that can unify the two factors to improve North Korean human rights. To do this, there is need for a multilateral negotiation forum to discuss all of issues related with human rights.
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