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글로벌 세력전이와 한국의 중견국 외교: 대 브릭스(BRICS) 전략을 중심으로

Global Power Transition and Korea' Middle Power Diplomacy for the BRICS

김치욱
국가안보전략연구원 (Institute for National Security Strategy)|2014.12|국가안보와 전략 (National Security and Strategy)|제14권 제4호|pp. 33-71|DOI 10.23111/nsas.2014.14.4.002

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세력전이Power transition중견국 외교Middle power diplomacy글로벌 거버넌스BRICS브릭스(BRICS)Global governance
주제분류정치외교학

초록

이 논문은 브릭스(BRICS)의 부상과 글로벌 세력전이 속에서 중견국 한국이 주요 글로벌 거버넌스 이슈에서 추진할 수 있는 전략을 논의한다. 브릭스는 신흥 도전세력으로서 전후 글로벌 거버넌스 아키텍처의 쇠퇴를 촉진할 가능성이 있는 반면에 기존 자유주의 원칙과 제도 안에서 자신의 발언권을 강화하는데 초점을 맞출 수도 있다. 브릭스의 행태가 어떤 방향으로 전개되든 한국에는 기회이면서 도전이 된다. 이에 대해 한국은 촉매자·촉진자·관리자 등 중견국 역할에 적합한 이슈영역을 발굴하고, 대 중견국 연합 등 네트워크 전략을 구사할 필요가 있다. 이를 테면 한국은 촉매자로서 국제안보 영역에서 UN체제의 정당성을 높이고 국제금융 영역에서 브릭스개발은행과 기존 다자개발은행간의 노동 분업을 꾀해야 한다. 관리자로서 국제통화체제에서 기존 달러체제의 안정화를 주도하고 국제무역질서에서는 중층적인 자유무역협정(FTA)의 다자화 필요성을 강조해야 한다. 이와 함께 일반적인 네트워크 외교 전략도 요구되는데, 브릭스의 요구를 기존 다자체제 안으로 포섭하기 위해서 다자외교의 인적·물적·지적 기반을 확충하고, 국제협력의 컨트롤 타워로서 G20의 효과성을 제고하며, 브릭스가 블록화에 대비하여 일종의 중견국 연합체를 안전판으로 구비할 필요가 있다.

Abstract

This article explores Korea's foreign policy strategies in global governance to cope with the accelerated global power transition that results from the rise of the BRICS(Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa). While the BRICS, as a challenger, could prompt the decline of the Post-World War II global governance architecture, it might focus on strengthening their political say within the existing liberal principles and institutions. The future behavior of the BRICS can be both a challenge to and an opportunity for Korea in international politics. Korea needs to implement middle power diplomacy by playing the appropriate roles as a catalyst, a facilitators, and a manager, and by building a middle-power coalition and a networked diplomatic infrastructure. Specifically, Korea, as a catalyst, would increase the legitimacy of the UN system in global security, and introduce a new division of labor between the BRICS Development Bank and the existing Multilateral Development Banks in global development. As a manager, Korea would stabilize the international monetary system dominated by the US dollar, and make efforts to multilateralize the bilateral free trade agreements(FTAs). Furthermore, Korea needs to be equipped with the administrative and intellectual infrastructure for multilateral diplomacy, to reinforce the effectiveness and legitimacy of the G20, and to build a middle-power coalition like MIKTA.

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