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베트남에 대한 중국의 경제지원과 경제제재, 1960∼1978

China’s economic incentives and economic sanctions toward Vietnam, 1960-1978

최규빈
국가안보전략연구원 (Institute for National Security Strategy)|2018.06|국가안보와 전략 (National Security and Strategy)|제18권 제2호|pp. 103-140|DOI 10.23111/nsas.2018.18.2.004

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참고문헌

키워드

경제제재원조influence영향력economic sanctionsaid중국-베트남 관계경제지원Sino-Vietnamese relationseconomic incentives
주제분류정치외교학

초록

이 논문의 목적은 대외정책의 목적을 성취하기 위한 경제적 수단의 운용의 관점에서 1960년대부터 1970년대 말 중국-베트남 관계의 유대와 발전, 그리고 파국의 과정을 살펴보는 데 있다. 중국은 베트남의 ‘맏형’을 자처하 며 막대한 원조를 제공함으로서 협력관계를 다져갔지만, 1978년 베트남지원을 중단하였고 1979년 양국은 전쟁에 돌입한다. 베트남에 대한 중국의경제, 군사원조는 중국 공산당 지도자들에게 양국 간의 동맹을 유지, 관리하는 데 주요한 수단이 되었다. 그렇지만 1965년 이후 베트남에 대한 중국의 영향력을 경계하고 중국과 적대관계였던 제3국 소련의 개입은 중국의경제지원의 레버리지를 약화시키는 주요요인이 되었다. 1970년대 중반 베트남이 소련으로 기울어지고 중국-베트남 관계의 갈등이 베트남에 대한 원조중단 및 경제제재로 이어진 사실은 중국의 경제지원을 통한 정치적 영향력이 경쟁국 소련의 역할과 지원으로 제한되었음을 보여준다.

Abstract

The aim of this article is to recast Sino-Vietnamese relations that had developed, deepened, and finally collapsed between the early 1960s and the end 1970s from the perspective of employing economic statecraft. While China, as a big brother, had provided a massive aid, strengthening relations with Vietnam over the decades, the provision of economic and military assistance to Vietnam terminated in 1978, and two countries were plunged into war in 1979. It is correct that China’s aid to Vietnam had been a main instrument for Chinese communists to sustain and manage Sino-Vietnamese relationship. However, the Soviet Union that had been alert to increasing Sino-Vietnamese ties and had been hostile to China more engaged with Vietnam in 1965, being the main cause of weakening Chinese influence in Vietnam. Hanoi’s tilt towards the Soviets was manifested in the mid-1970s, and Beijing refused to provide assistance to Hanoi while adopting economic sanctions. This fact shows that Chinese political influence through economic incentives was not strong, being constrained by the role and influence of the Soviet Union who increased its economic and military aid to Vietnam.

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