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발달장애자녀를 돌보는 노년기 부모의 돌봄스트레스 과정모델 검증

Testing the Caregiving Stress Process Model among Older Parents Caring for Children with Developmental Disabilities

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초록

발달장애자녀를 돌보는 부모의 정신건강과 관련한 연구는 있지만, 발달장애자녀를 돌보는 노년기 부모를 대상으로 한 돌봄스트레스의 과정을 살펴본 연구는 거의 없다. 이에 본 연구는 발달장애자녀를 돌보는데 소비하는 시간이 노년기 부모의 돌봄스트레스와 가족관계 만족도를 거쳐 우울에 미치는 영향력과 경로를 분석하였다. 이를 위해 발달장애인 실태조사에 참여한 발달장애자녀를 돌보는 60세 이상 노년기 부모 287명을 최종 분석대상으로 하였다. 분석방법은 구조방정식 모형을 이용하여 경로모형 분석과 부트스트래핑기법을 사용한 간접효과 유의도 검증을 하였다. 분석결과 발달장애자녀를 돌보는데 소비하는 시간이 많을수록 돌봄스트레스가 높아져 노년기 부모의 우울을 증가시키지만, 이 때 긍정적인 가족관계는 돌봄시간과 돌봄스트레스가 우울에 미치는 부정적인 영향을 완충할 수 있는 중요한 보호요인으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 발달장애자녀를 돌보는 노년기 부모의 돌봄스트레스 대처과정에 대한 이론적·실천적 함의를 논의하였다.

Abstract

Although there are existing studies on caregiving stresses, few studies focused on caregiving stresses of older parents caring for children with developmental disabilities (CDD). Given the fact, this study aims to test the Caregiving Stress Model, examining whether satisfaction with family relationship (SFR) mediates the relationships between caregiving stresses and depression among older parents caring for CDD. For this purpose, sample includes 287 parents aged 60 and over who participated in the Korean National Survey on Individuals with Developmental Disabilities and their Families. Data were processed through Structural Equation Modeling and bootstrapping was employed to test the significance of indirect effects. Main results are as follows. First, older parents with higher levels of caregiving stresses presented higher levels of depressive symptoms. Second, significant portion of depression variance explained by caregiving stresses was explained by SFR, indicating SFR mediates the relationship. This finding suggests that SoFR functions as a protective factor mitigating the negative effects of stress on depression. These results should be considered in the process of developing practice and policy implications for mitigating negative effects of caregiving stress on depression among older parents caring for children with CDD.

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