집단미술치료가 공무원의 직무스트레스에 미치는 영향

Abstract

The purpose of this study is that using a Group Art Therapy (GAT) as a psychological approach to manage the public servant's job stress made them express each individual's feelings and change an attitude toward one's duty, and, in addition, increase an efficiency in work and a satisfaction of one's duty by suggesting GAT as a cope scheme with job stress. This study participants were twenty officials in the public office in southern district in Daegu who showed high stress level in a stress questionnaire from 220 sheets of them, and then they were randomly placed in two different groups: a half of them were in control group and the rest half in experimental. Pretest and post-test control group design was used for verify the effects of GAT to the public official's stress, and the procedures of this study were identifying an object, pretest, implementation, and post-test in order. It had been applied in lunch break (12:00~13:00) total of 10 sessions (2 sessions/week) from April to May, 2005. The test method was rearranged total of 38 statements according to the purpose of the study from The Job Stress Rating Scale (Ivancevich & Matterson, 1979) translated by Kim, Il-kyeung (1999), and was formatted by Likert scale. The contents of scale were three main groups: pressure of responsibility, pressure of time limits, overcharging duties, conflict in one's role, ill-defined one's role, and internal compensation under the causing factors of job stress, physiological, psychological, and behavioral symptoms under the symptom factors of job stress, and nature of duty, satisfaction of duty were subordinated under the resulting factors of job stress. The more scores on the causing factors and the symptom factors meant the greater stress, while the less scores on the resulting factors meant the greater stress. This study sought for reliability of scale by computing the Cronbach α coefficient, and it was compared original scores in The Job Stress Rating Scale among three main factors. The results of this study were as follows; First, the effects of GAT were different in the causing factors of job stress. The outcomes were differed on each subordinated factors, however it affected positively to ill-defined role and internal compensation. Second, the effects of GAT were also differed in the stress symptom factors: Positive to physiological and behavioral factors, but no effect on psychological factors. Finally, the resulting fators of the public official's job stress were influenced positively by GAT. Based on these results, it could say that the subordinated factors were differed in result, but in general effectiveness of GAT was optimistic. In addition, GAT was useful to the participants knowing that the positive changes was shown in pre- and post-test, and was also supported with the results as an efficient psychological approach and a practical research.