교정적 관계 경험 개념의 정교화를 위한 탐색적 연구: 우울하고 적대-순종 유형인 내담자들을 중심으로
An Exploratory Study for Elaborating the concept of Corrective Relational Experiences: Focusing on the depressed and hostile-submissive client
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초록
교정적 관계 경험은 상담에서 내담자가 상담사와의 관계를 통해 교정 경험을 하는 내담자의 내적 체험을 의미한다. 그러나 교정적 관계 경험이 내담자의 변화와 밀접한 연관이 있다는 중요성에 대한 합의에도 불구하고, 교정적 관계 경험 그 자체나 혹은 교정적 관계 경험이 상담 성과에 미치는 영향에 대해 경험적으로 연구된 바는 극히 드물다. 본 연구에서는 경험적 연구가 어려운 이유 중 하나로 교정적 관계 경험의 개념이 실제 사례에서 포착하기에 모호한 측면에 주목하였다. 이에 내담자가 인식하는 교정적 관계 경험의 현상을 탐색하여 기존의 개념들을 점검하고, 이를 관계적 측면과 교정적 측면에서 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 32명의 내담자들이 각각 8~12회기의 개인상담을 진행하면서 매회기 교정적 관계 경험에 관한 상담일지를 작성하도록 하였고, 수집된 361개의 상담일지 중 상담사와 새로운 관계 경험이 있었다고 보고된 250개를 반복적 비교분석 방법에 근거하여 범주화하였다. 분석결과, 내담자가 새로움을 인식한 상담관계의 요소로는 첫째, 상담사의 말, 상담사의 비언어적인 행동, 상담사 존재 자체, 상담사와의 관계의 네 가지 범주가 도출되었고, 상담사가 새롭게 인식된 이유로는 상담사의 반응이 예상과 달랐고, 새로운 사실을 알게 되었기 때문이라고 보고하였다. 분석결과를 토대로 내담자가 인식한 모든 범주들이 교정적 관계 경험에 해당되는지를 검토하는 한편, 교정적 관계 경험의 개념 중에서 정교화가 필요한 지점에 대한 쟁점들을 논의하였다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 기초적 연구로서의 의의, 후속 연구를 위한 제안점들을 제시하였다.
Abstract
Corrective relational experience(CRE) is defined as client's internal experience in counseling through the relationship with counselor. Despite the agreement on the importance that CRE is closely related to changes of the clients, there is only few empirical studies about the concept of CRE or how CRE effects counseling outcome. Especially this study focused on the ambiguous aspects of CRE which are difficult to be captured in real cases. The purpose of this study was to examine existing concept by exploring the phenomena of CRE perceived by the client and to analyze CRE in its relational aspects and corrective aspects. 32 clients participated in 8 to 12 individual counseling sessions, and they were required a reflective writing after each session. 250 of 361 writings reported to had new relationship experiences with the counselor were categorized based on repetitive and comparative analysis method. As a result, the factors of counseling relationship newly recognized by the clients were reported as follows; Firts, four categories such as; counselor's words, non-verbal behaviors of the counselor, counselor's existence itself and the relationship with counselor were derived as, Second, the reason for newly recognizing of the counselor was because of the different responses than their expectation, and lastly because new insights were found. Based on the analysis result, the study reviewed all categories perceived by clients correspond to the concept of CRE, and among the concepts of CRE, issues that elaboration was needed were discussed. Lastly, the significance of this study as a basic study, and suggestions for future research were discussed.
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