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자해 심각도와 정서조절곤란 수준에 따른 잠재계층유형 분석: 영향요인 및 유형별 심리적 디스트레스 차이

Latent Class Analysis by Severity of Self-Injury and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation: Factors Affecting on Classification and Differences in Psychological Distress

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주제분류교육학

초록

본 연구에서는 잠재계층분석(Latent Class Analysis: LCA)을 활용하여 자해 심각도와 정서조절곤란 수준에 따른 잠재계층유형을 확인하고, 잠재계층유형의 영향요인(성별, 연령, 자해 위험요인)과 잠재계층유형에 따른 심리적 디스트레스(우울, 불안, 신체화)에서의 차이를 파악하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 전국의 성인을 대상으로 온라인 설문조사를 통해 수집된 1,137명 중 자해 경험이 있다고 응답한 164명의 자료를 분석에 사용하였다. 분석 결과, 잠재계층유형은 ‘자해 심각도 중(中), 정서조절곤란 저(低)’집단(class 1), ‘자해 심각도 중(中), 정서조절곤란 중(中)’집단(calss 2), ‘자해 심각도 고(高), 정서조절곤란 고(高)’집단(class 3)으로 총 3집단이 확인되었다. 다음으로 잠재계층유형의 영향요인을 살펴본 결과, 성별과 연령은 잠재계층에 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 자해 위험요인의 경우, 자해에 대한 성인애착(회피애착, 불안애착), 자해에 대한 사회노출, 부정정서 모두 잠재계층에 유의미한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 잠재계층유형과 심리적 디스트레스 간 차이를 살펴본 결과, ‘자해 심각도 고, 정서조절곤란 고’집단의 우울, 불안, 신체화 수준이 가장 높았으며, 그 다음으로 ‘자해 심각도 중, 정서조절곤란 중’집단, ‘자해 심각도 중, 정서조절곤란 저’집단 순으로 높게 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 논의와 시사점을 제시했다.

Abstract

In this study, the latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify the latent class type according to the severity of self-injury behavior and the level of emotional control difficulty and to examine the influencing factors of the latent class type (gender, age, risk factors for self-injury) and the differences in psychological distress (depression, anxiety, somatization) depend on the latent class type. To this end, data from 164 participants who have ever engaged in self-injury from 1,137 adults who took part in an online questionnaire were used for the analysis. As a result of the analysis, the potential classes were identified as (1) ‘Middle-severity of self-injury/Low-difficulties in emotion regulation’(class 1) (2) ‘Middle-severity of self-injury/Middle-difficulties in emotion regulation’(calss 2) (3) ‘High-severity of self-injury/ High-difficulties in emotion regulation’(class 3). And it was found that gender and age did not affect the latent class significantly as the result of examining the influencing factors. But in the case of self-injury risk factors, the experience of adult attachment, social exposure to self-injury, negative emotions were all found to affect the latent class significantly. Finally, levels of psychological distress were highest in the class 3 followed by the class 2 and class 1, as the result of examining the difference between the latent class type and psychological distress. Based on the results of this study, discussions and implications were presented.

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