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비자살적 자해의 특성에 따라 분류된 각 집단에 영향을 미치는 위험 및 보호요인

Risk and protective factors affecting each group classified according to the characteristics of non-suicidal self injury(NSSI)

구민정|이동훈|황희훈|김지윤
한국상담학회 (Korean Counseling Association (KCA))|2022.04|상담학연구 (Korea Journal of Counseling)|제23권 제2호|pp. 69-98|DOI 10.15703/kjc.23.2.202204.69

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참고문헌

키워드

위험요인보호요인Risk FactorsProtective Factors성인Adults비자살적 자해자해 심각도자해 빈도Non-Suicidal Self InjuryNSSI frequencyNSSI severity
주제분류교육학

초록

본 연구는 자해의 경험여부, 자해의 빈도 및 자해방법의 심각도에 따라 집단을 분류하고, 각 집단에 영향을 미치는 위험요인과 보호요인을 확인하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 전국의 성인을 대상으로 실시한 설문조사를 통해 수집된 1,161명의 자료를 분석에 활용하였다. 먼저, 자해경험의 여부에 따라 비자해 집단과 자해집단으로 구분하였다. 이후 자해집단은 다시 자해의 빈도에 따라 삽화성과 반복성 자해집단으로, 자해 방법의 심각도에 따라 경미와 심각 자해집단으로 구분하였다. 이와 같이 자해의 특성에 따라 분류된 각 집단에 영향을 미치는 위험 및 보호요인을 확인한 결과, 비자해 집단에 비해 자해집단의 하위집단(삽화성, 반복성, 경미, 심각)에 속할 가능성을 높이는 위험요인은 아동기 학대, 불안애착, 정서조절곤란, 고통감내였으며, 각 변인에 따라 집단에 미치는 영향은 다소 상이하였다. 사회노출은 삽화성 자해 집단보다 반복성 자해 집단에 속할 가능성을 높이는 것으로 나타났다. 보호요인 중에는 낙관성만이 비자해 집단에 비해 자해집단, 반복성 자해집단, 경미 자해집단, 심각 자해집단에 속할 가능성을 낮추는 유의한 요인으로 확인되었다. 연구결과를 토대로 논의와 시사점, 후속연구를 위한 제언을 제시하였다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to classify groups according to the experience of non-suicidal self injury(NSSI), frequency of NSSI, and severity of NSSI method, and tried to identify risk factors and protective factors affecting each group. For this purpose, data were collected from 1,161 people through a survey conducted on adults nationwide and analyzed. First, groups were divided into self-injurers group and non self-injurers group according to the experience of NSSI. Afterward, the self-injurers group was further divided into episodic self-injureres and repetitive self-injures group according to the frequency of NSSI, and into mild and severe self-injurers group according to NSSI method severity. As a result of identifying the risk and protective factors affecting each group, risk factors that increase the likelihood of belonging to a subgroup of the self-injurers group(epidemic/repetitive, mild/severe) compared to the non self-injurers group was childhood abuse, anxiety attachment, emotional dysregulation, and pain tolerance, and effect on the group was somewhat different according to each variable. Social exposure was found to increase the likelihood of belonging to the repetitive self-injurers group than the episodic self-injurers group. Among the protective factors, only optimism was identified as a significant factor that lowered the likelihood of belonging to the self-injurers, the repetitive, the mild, and the severe self-injurers group compared to the non self-injurers group. Based on the research results, discussions, implications, and suggestions for follow-up studies were presented.

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