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청소년이 지각한 스트레스와 학교적응의 관계에서 자아존중감 불안의 매개효과 : 자해 비자해 집단 비교

The mediating effects of self-esteem and anxiety on the relationship between perceived stress and school adjustment in adolescents: A comparison of self-injury and non self-injury groups

최진아|김영화
한국아동심리재활학회|2024.08|놀이치료연구 (THE JOURNAL OF PLAY THERAPY)|제28권 제2호|pp. 57-69|DOI https://doi.org/10.32821/JPT.28.2.57

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참고문헌

키워드

자아존중감Self-Esteem불안지각된 스트레스School Adjustment학교적응Perceived Stress자해 비자해 비교AnxietSelf-inflicted non-self-inflicted comparison

초록

본 연구는 청소년이 지각한 스트레스와 학교적응의 관계에서 자아존중감, 불안의 매개효과와 자해, 비자해 집단 간의 차이를 확인하기 위하여 AMOS 분석을 실시하였다. 이를 위해 한국청소년정책연구원 횡단조사인 ‘10대 청소년의 정신건강 실태조사(2021)’의 데이터를 사용하였다. 연구대상은 초등학교 4∼6학년, 중학교 1∼3학년, 고등학교 1∼3학년 재학 중인 학생, 총 5,937명(자해집단 1,1510명, 비자해집단 4,427명)이었다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 변인들간의 관계에서는 지각된 스트레스가 높을수록 학교적응이 낮고, 자아존중감이 높을수록 학교적응이 높으며, 불안이 높을수록 학교적응이 낮다는 것을 보여준다. 둘째, 지각된 스트레스와 학교적응의 관계에서 자아존중감, 불안 각각의 경로를 살펴본 결과 자해집단의 경우 지각된 스트레스→자아존중감 경로는 유의한 부적 영향, 자아존중감→학교적응 경로는 유의한 정적 영향이 있었다. 지각된 스트레스→불안 경로는 정적 영향, 불안→ 학교적응 경로는 유의한 부적 영향이 있었다. 반면 지각된 스트레스→학교적응 경로는 유의하지 않았다. 비자해 집단의 경우 모든 경로가 유의한 차이가 있었다. 즉 자해집단의 경우 그 영향력이 유의하게 큰 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과를 통해 자해 집단 청소년의 경우 비자해 집단에 비해 학교적응에 관련하여 자아존중감의 영향력이 중요하다는 점을 보여준다. 특히 자아존중감과 불안이 지각된 스트레스로부터 영향을 많이 받고 있으므로 자해 청소년에 대한 스트레스 감소를 위한 다양한 개입, 상담이 이루어져야 할 것이다. 더 나아가 자해 청소년에 대한 자아존중감 향상과 불안 감소를 위한 프로그램과 상담적 개입이 필요하다고 하겠다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine whether there is a difference in the relationship between perceived stress, self-esteem, anxiety, and school adaptation of self-harming and non-harming adolescents, and to examine the effect of mediating self-esteem and anxiety in the relationship between perceived stress and school adaptation of adolescents. To this end, data from the ‘Teenage Youth Mental Health Survey (2021)’, a cross-sectional survey of the Korea Youth Policy Institute, were used. A total of 5,937 students (1,1510 in the self-inflicted group and 4,427 in the non-inflicted group) were enrolled in the 4th to 6th grades of elementary school, the 1st to 3rd grades of middle school, and the 1st to 3rd grades of high school, and AMOS analysis was conducted for multi-group comparative analysis. The results of the study showed that the mediating path from perceived stress to self-esteem to school adaptation was significant in both self-harm and non-harm groups, but the mediating path from perceived stress to anxiety to school adaptation was significant at the significance level only in the non-harm group.

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