아돌프 히틀러의 『나의 투쟁』에 나타난 인종주의와 한나 아렌트의 분석

Abstract

The author’s aim in this article is to explore Adolf Hitler’s (1889–1945) perception of racial theories and racism in Western Europe during the transition from the 19th to the 20th century. Hitler’s views on race and ethnicity led to horrific historical events, such as Nazi Germany’s racial policies, the Holocaust, and the outbreak of World War II. Therefore, the primary goal is to reveal Hitler’s stance on nationalism and racism, as presented in Mein Kampf, published in 1925. In this process, by comparing Hitler’s racism, nationalism, and anti-Semitism with Arthur de Gobineau’s racial theories, the aim is to uncover the similarities and differences between the two. Furthermore, the discussion will examine the racial regeneration project, another foundation of Hitler's racism. Following this, an analysis of the characteristics of Hitler’s racism from Hannah Arendt’s (1906–1975) perspective will be conducted using Arendt’s The Origins of Totalitarianism, published in 1951, as a reference. Finally, the discussion will conclude by highlighting Arendt’s views on racism and totalitarianism and their significance today.