조선시대 충청도 「사마방목」 입록실태와 추이

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to explore the aspects and developments of registered families in 「Samabangmok」 in Chungcheong-do of the Joseon Dynasty, classifying it into four designated regional areas depending on residence and family name and family clan. Also, according to the classification, this study investigates noble family's types of entering into its hometown which had more than 5 people registered in 「Samabangmok」 in Chungcheong-do. The result of analysis provides as follows: First, it was common that the number of registered noble families in 「Samabangmok」 increased in four designated regional areas in the early 17th century. This was due to a social phenomenon that government officials who resided in Seoul set their retreating villa, Byeolseo(別墅), in Chungcheong-do. In the process of becoming Hyangje(鄕第), Byeolseo(別墅) turned out to be their main residence. Second, aspects of the designated regional areas provided that the number of registered families in 「Samabangmok」 did not increase in exact proportion to the size and class of a town. Third, the ratio of Mok among total number of registered families in each designated regional area was 67% for Chungju-mok, 33.5% for Gongju-mok, and 31.5% for Cheongju-mok, and 18.4% for Hongju-mok. Forth, in the late 19th century, the number of registered families in 「Samabangmok」 increased all over Chungcheong-do . For instance, in the late 19th century, the number of families who turned out registered families in 「Samabangmok」 for the first time in Gongju-mok was 19 families with 26 people registered, and the others were from existing home town elite families. Thus, the increase in the late 19th century was attributed more to existing families than newly incoming noble families. Meanwhile, the results of analysis according to registered families' types of returning to hometown are summarized into three types as follows: first, returning to hometown due to hermitage, second, expanding single-clan village to its neighborhood after being settled down through marriage, and third, home coming centering around ancestor's tombs and large sized farms owned by private owners. Retuning to hometown from the late Goryeo to the early Joseon was mostly because of government officials' loyalty to serve but one king. In specific, the second type was introduced from around 15th to 16th century due to marriage and was settled down as a single-clan village from the mid and late 17th century, centered around male line. This has to do with the change of family structure closely―a change of marriage culture and inheritance system. Due to this change, residency situation was changed from wife-centered residency to husband-centered residency, bringing stronger bond of family members centered on husband side. As a typical instance of this case, Eunjin Song family in Hoedeok can be illustrated.