17세기 서울 주민의 계층구조와 호구(戶口)의 편제 양상 ― 『康熙貳年癸卯式年北部帳戶籍』을 중심으로 ―

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the hierarchy structure of Seoul residents and the organization patterns of households in the 17th century. For that purpose, the study examined the “Household Register of Northern Section of Hanyang in 1663,” in which the residents lived in the northern parts of Seoul those days, which correspond to the areas around Yonsei University and Yeouido along Han River today. There were total 16 villages in the parts with total 683 households. The male and female residents living in the areas were 1,220 and 1,259, respectively. There were people that lived in the areas no longer due to escape, move to another region, or death, and the number amounted to 1,148 and 1,257 for men and women, respectively. Those who were excluded from the current population were 2,274, which accounted for 47.8% of entire population. Those numbers, however, did not include all the residents of the areas, which is confirmed by the extremely small number of children registered in the household register. It also indicates that not all people were recorded in the household register in Seoul like other regions. In addition, the residents of the areas owned more Nobis than their counterparts in local regions. The hierarchical composition of the population in the areas is characterized by the higher percentage of upper class than local regions, the ridiculously smaller size of middle class, and the absolute majority share of lower class, which is explained by the many farms of Yangban families in the areas. The study reorganized the class hierarchy with the actual method of household classification used in the areas and found a couple of points to be careful about: first, the Confucian scholars made the upper class more definitely than the government officials; secondly, even when the spouses of male heads of households used their Yangban family names, it was impossible to consider all those households as Yangban households in the upper class. In Seoul where the number of government officials was high, it is much likely that marriage between women from Yangban families and male government officials from Jungin families must have been even easier than in local regions.