역사·언어와 혁명 - 민국시기 ‘以字詮史’ 연구법의 성행과 유물사관의 초기 보급 -
History·Language and Revolution -Prevalence Use of Yi-zi-quan-shi(以字詮史) Studies and Early Propagation of Historical Materialism in the Republican China Era-
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The Republican China is the era when there were great strides in studies on ancient Chinese history. There was a seismic shift of paradigm where an ancient view of history, locked in the frame of ancient scriptures and Confucian legitimism, collapsed, while alternative history books newly emerged. This thesis is to argue correlation between Yi-zi-quan-shi studies, which caused the shift, and historical materialism. Gu, Jie-gang(顧頡剛) started the Gu-shi-bian(古史辨) movement (A Symposium on Ancient Chinese History) in the 1920′s and overthrew the tradition of ancient history built on the ancient scriptures. From a different perspective, the movement rather revitalized the ancient history, as it had been suffocated for a long time, limited in the frame of Confucian legitimism. And it opened opportunities of establishing alternative ancient history by using new historical materials. Wang, Guo-wei(王國維), an expert of the Study of Oracle-Bone Inscriptions came up with a new paradigm to shed new light on ancient history with Yi-zi-quan-shi study methodology. Many historians contemplated on the ancient history with a new perspective by accepting kings' paradigm, leading to an increasing use of Yi-zi-quan-shi studies. Guo, Mo-ruo(郭沫若) set a new course to the ancient Chinese society by using Yi-zi-quan-shi as a vessel and historical materialism as a compass. The starting point was the result brought by Wang, Guo-wei in 1928. His achievement became a milestone to change the main issue of argument from the controversy of social history in the 1930′s to the ancient Chinese history, as well as a monument that heralds the rise of Chinese Marxist history. He hoped that his study on ancient society using Yi-zi-quan-shi methodology could contribute to propagation of historical materialism, and necessity and legitimacy of ongoing socialist revolution could be highlighted. His hope has been realized, but the ancient Chinese history, once freed from the shackles of Confucian legitimism, has become locked again in an even more rigid frame of Marxist history.
Abstract
The Republican China is the era when there were great strides in studies on ancient Chinese history. There was a seismic shift of paradigm where an ancient view of history, locked in the frame of ancient scriptures and Confucian legitimism, collapsed, while alternative history books newly emerged. This thesis is to argue correlation between Yi-zi-quan-shi studies, which caused the shift, and historical materialism. Gu, Jie-gang(顧頡剛) started the Gu-shi-bian(古史辨) movement (A Symposium on Ancient Chinese History) in the 1920′s and overthrew the tradition of ancient history built on the ancient scriptures. From a different perspective, the movement rather revitalized the ancient history, as it had been suffocated for a long time, limited in the frame of Confucian legitimism. And it opened opportunities of establishing alternative ancient history by using new historical materials. Wang, Guo-wei(王國維), an expert of the Study of Oracle-Bone Inscriptions came up with a new paradigm to shed new light on ancient history with Yi-zi-quan-shi study methodology. Many historians contemplated on the ancient history with a new perspective by accepting kings' paradigm, leading to an increasing use of Yi-zi-quan-shi studies. Guo, Mo-ruo(郭沫若) set a new course to the ancient Chinese society by using Yi-zi-quan-shi as a vessel and historical materialism as a compass. The starting point was the result brought by Wang, Guo-wei in 1928. His achievement became a milestone to change the main issue of argument from the controversy of social history in the 1930′s to the ancient Chinese history, as well as a monument that heralds the rise of Chinese Marxist history. He hoped that his study on ancient society using Yi-zi-quan-shi methodology could contribute to propagation of historical materialism, and necessity and legitimacy of ongoing socialist revolution could be highlighted. His hope has been realized, but the ancient Chinese history, once freed from the shackles of Confucian legitimism, has become locked again in an even more rigid frame of Marxist history.
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