18세기 후반 石室書院과 지식·지식인의 재생산

Abstract

Seowon was not merely intended for civil service examination, but also intended for nurturing the idealistic intellectual supported by Sarim faction. A new intelligence movement led by Seowon in the late Joseon Dynasty period suddenly changed to trend that Seowon became an exclusive part of a clan, which happened to fail to function properly. That is the reason why Seowon's education gradually ran toward decay. The purpose of this research was to disclose what kind of knowledge was used and developed in and out of Seokshil Seowon in the late 18th century. In that course, I addressed a point to the matter of negative issues about civil service examination that was put importance on by Seokshil Seowon. Kim, Won-haeng was outstandingly serious about pointing out social ills of civil service examination system. Kim, Won-haeng emphasized practical learning instead of civil service examination, which meant confucian fidelity in the light of Neo-Confucianism. Accordingly, practical learning that Kim, Won-haeng emphasized didn't mean positive and developmental thing in itself. But, practical learning that he put importance on based upon negativism on civil service examination and scholastic effort on a daily life for himself could play a role of media expediting ‘dailiness and professionalism of knowledge’. On top of this, the tradition of the learning of images amd numbers and the statecraft that had been inherited centered on Andong the Kims reacted as an important academic background. That was the scholastic outcome of the background where Andong the Kims led Seokshil Seowon. For these combinative reasons, it could give birth to a new knowledge right outside of Seokshil Seowon. Around the Seokshil Seowon was Bukhak(the Thoughts for learning Qing Culture) pregnant. Seowon in the late of Joseon Dynasty period wasn't appealing as a space for new knowledge. As you saw in the case of Seokshil Seowon, so called the grounds for practical thought were made by Confucian scholars' social intercourse outside of Seokshil Seowon. This shows how new knowledge in the late Joseon Dynasty period started to form. Meetings of lectures or poetry clubs at the time were open communication places for discussing new knowledge without being confined to forms. It is a limit of educational institute of the time that Seowon wouldn't be able to embrace these intellectual movements into the education system.