1920-30년대 上海의 대학교육과 청년학생의 사회 개혁 활동 - 시장, 정치권력 그리고 학생운동

Abstract

Young Chinese students who underwent a mental revolution through the May Fourth Movement had emerged as major social forces that led to China's reformation and change. The young students in Shanghai expressed their volitions and aspirations for social change and reformation in various ways. This paper focused on the social transformation measures that were attempted by the young students within schools with the support of the school authorities, and analyzed such cases as the Cooperative Movement in Fudan (復旦) University students during the 1920s and the Rural Revival Movement by students at Daxia (大夏) University during the 1930s. The two movements had commonalities despite the differences in the subjects and the times. First, the two campaigns were extensions of social reformation measures that the university students hoped to embrace and implement. Second, the support by the school authorities made it possible for the social reform measures by students at the two universities to transition and expand into the Cooperative Movement and the Rural Revival Movement. The most important aspect of support was the inclusion of these activities in the regular curriculum. The Cooperative Movement was included in the curriculum of the college of commerce; the Rural Revival Movement was included in the curriculum of education majors. The reason the school authorities included both movements in the curriculum was that they were deeply involved in the school's attempts to actively respond to local and contemporary circumstances. Fudan University had to establish and operate the department of commerce to secure competitiveness in Shanghai as an economic city and needed a distinctive curriculum at the department of commerce in order to develop a competitive education program. This was why the students accepted the Cooperative Movement as a part of the curriculum in the department of commerce. Daxia University was heavily influenced by the education policies of the Nationalist Government. In response to the education policy of the Nationalist Government, Daxia University adjusted its departments, and consequently it changed into a university that cultivated talent in the field of education. Daxia University actively supported the Rural Revival Movement as an educational program to be provided to education majors. The Rural Revival Movement thus established itself as a part of the research and practical activities for students majoring in education.