중일전쟁 시기 淪陷區 대외무역과 무역 네트워크의 변화

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate how Japanese economic policy on the occupied areas in China during the Sino-Japanese War changed the foreign trade conditions in Japanese-occupied Areas. Chinese import and export trade was greatly influenced by the Sino-Japanese War as well as Japanese occupation of China. As the Sino-Japanese War damaged and effected the foreign trade in Japanese-occupied areas, so imports were increased rapidly and exports decreased. The impact of the war, however, didn't continued for a long time until in the middle of 1938, the foreign trade in those regions started to improve. Nonetheless, after the Pacific War, the decrease of Chinese trade volume in the Japanese-occupied areas attributed Japan to monopolize the foreign trade in their occupied territory. In the Japanese-occupied areas, the foreign trade, aimed at Japan, were carried out based on the key ports including shanghai and Tienjin. The more Japan's failure in performing monetary policy and supplies control in Northern China area, the less Japan's importance. On the contrary the UK and America expanded importance in spite of Japanese ambition to exclude them. Because the factories in Shanghai and South China Sea regions were short of raw materials and food according to the Japan's supplies emigration policy, they depends heavily on imports from those nations. After the Sino-Japanese War, Japan's control over the trade supplies changed the items to import and export, as well as the trade structure. The war influenced higher importation of war supplies and daily necessities, while the second World War created higher exportation of manufactures to meet the demand of industrial goods in the Southeast Asia. After the Pacific War, the trade structure of the Japanese-occupied areas was composed of imports of Japanese surplus produce and exports of the major four raw materials including cotton, coal, salt, iron ore. The objectives of Japanese army in the Japanese-occupied areas were firstly to shut off the supply routes before weakening the war potential of the Nationalist Party, and secondly to secure the China's economic resource as soon as possible in order to reinforce the economic connection among Japan, the Japanese-occupied areas and Manchuria. Japan isolated the Nationalist Party by keeping economic blockade and supplies control toward it. Despite Japan's blockade towards the supply routes, the Nationalist Party persistently established new routes to procure supplies externally. Japanese army completely blocked the foreign contact of the Nationalist Party by expanding the front to the Southeast Asia, being in confrontation with America and the UK. Because Japan failed to provide the necessary investment and capital in the Japanese-occupied areas, Chinese resources were not efficiently developed and emigrated to Japan. In Huabei, the linkage between lianyinjuan and Yen didn't contribute to either the reinforcement of Yen Bloc or Japan's supply and demand of good. The plan of supplies control was not successful due to the difference of prices between Japan and the Japanese-occupied areas. Therefore Japan's plan to include the Japanese-occupied areas into Yen Bloc as well as change the areas as a source of raw material, an exporter of surplus production were in vain. In the end Japan failed in efficient procurement of supplies within the Japanese-occupied areas, so that the bond among Yen Bloc were severed. Hence the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere was collapsed.