중･근세 韓･中間 국경완충지대의 형성과 경계인식 -14세기～15세기를 중심으로-

Abstract

In the Joseon Dynasty, the territory was kept relying on the Aprok-river and Duman-river because of the convenience of the military defense on the northern border region. For that reason, it has been a tendency splitting the territory by the rivers which are commonly recognized as the border. At that time, however, the upper region of the two rivers did not been regarded as the territory of China. Because of the problem related to territorial rights for the north region of Cheolryeong between Koryeo and Ming, Koryeo did not decline wars claiming for the rights for the south region of Gongheomjin and this was admitted by Ming. For this reason, Ming also had to understand about the governance rights for the Yeojin people around the Gongheomjin. At that time, the control-rights for the territory especially meant that the range was taken over militarily. So Joseon and Ming had an idea about the border by mutual agreement even though there was no clear treaty about the border between them. In the competition with Ming for the governance rights for Yeojin, Joseon thought that it is easy to defend if the Duman-river is considered as the border against Ming. However, Joseon considered moving its military base to the northern region of the river at that time. This means that the northern area of the river was not belonged to Ming. The evidence for that exists on the geography in the 「Annals of the Sejong」. The border of an government agency for Kyungwondo was marked by Gongheomjin ･ Sunjunhyun and the article related to the six military base around the north-west area of Joseon mentioned many place names of the North Duman-river. On the other hand, in the case of the northern border of Abrok-river, Ming was adjacent directly to Joseon after having the Yodong area. Ming wanted to avoid that and set a guard post in Yeonsanguan where it kept off a lot from the Abrok-river. Because of this, a wide range of an host-less area formated between Yeonsanguan and Abrok-river. This is interrelated to Koryeo’s control over Palcham region in Yodong and Dongnyungbu at the age of the king, Gongmin in Koryeo's age. In addition it was militarily hard to take over the east region of Yeonsanguan. It was one hundred years later that the host-less area, functioning as a buffer region between two countries, became under Ming. From the late Koryeo to the early Joseon, host-less area of the border line at the north-west region had been remained for one century. This means that those two countries had the same idea related to this area for host-less region. Ming’s occupation for the host-less area between Yeonsanguan and Abrok-river did not mean the remove of the buffer zone between two countries. The extensive region where Yeojin people lived (from Ming’s Jang-fortress in the border region to the northern border of Joseon) actually functioned as a buffer zone between Joseon and Ming. In Chung age, Chackmoon - where Joseon smuggled from Chung - was placed near the mountain Bonghuang which is very far from Abrok-river. Additionally, Chung’s setting for the forbidden area was partly related to the buffer zone at the Ming's age. In 1712, there was verification and an agreement about the border between Joseon and Chung, however, it was not processed precisely remaining a factor of a complication for the future and this is not irrelevance with the existence of buffer zone which was lasted for a long time for the border between the two countries.