조선전기 백자 규화배(葵花盃)의 조형과 성격

Abstract

White porcelain hwahyungjan(花形盞, flower-shaped cup) is one type of the flower-shaped porcelains produced during the early Joseon dynasty that shows different formative features from other flower-shaped celadon cups produced during the Goryeo dynasty. Moreover, flower-shaped cups were not only produced in limited quantity but also in higher quality compared with other white porcelains produced in the Gwanyo(官窯, the official kiln for the royal court). This white porcelain flower-shaped cup has been referred to as hwahyungjan, a slightly ambiguous and comprehensive name, as it was considered only as one of the specially designed porcelains produced in the Gwanyo. As yet, the significance of this vessel has not been fully examined. As a result of analyzing both historical records and extant examples, I argue that the white porcelain flower-shaped cup from the early Joseon dynasty was produced in the form of hollyhocks. This corresponds with the gyuhwabae, as is shown in some Joseon dynasty records. White porcelain gyuhwabae from the early Joseon dynasty was based on the formative tradition of celadon and metal gyuhwabae from the Goryeo dynasty. However, the distinctive gyuhwabae style of the Joseon dynasty is characterized by the emphasis on the sense of volume of flower shape and minimization of the pattern decoration through the absorption of new styles of porcelain gyuhwabae from the early Ming dynasty. White porcelain gyuhwabae was produced intensively from the late 15th to the mid-16th century, mainly at the Gwanyo. Sagger fired(匣燔) gyuhwabae of the highest quality was produced mostly in the Gwanyo, the lesser quality gyuhwabae was produced as well. In local kilns, a small number of the lesser quality gyuhwabae, which have different shape and decoration from the Gwanyo, were produced from the late 15th to the early-16th century. On the other hand, the production and use of gyuhwabae is deeply related to the symbolism of hollyhocks and the view regarding this symbolism. Hollyhocks symbolize 'loyalty to the king' corresponding to how the flower itself always turns toward the sunlight. Here, gyuhwabae shared the symbolism as well. In this context, it is possible to understand gyuhwabae is a special royal liquor vessel and it was used for particular ceremony related to the king. This article aims to identify the significance of the hwahyungjan as a representative type of white porcelains of the early Joseon dynasty. Identifying gyuhwabae, which has been overlooked until now, and revealing the characteristics and usage of this vessel will provide a better understanding of white porcelain vessels during the early Joseon dynasty