고려–몽골 관계의 전개와 다루가치의 置廢過程

Abstract

The Mongol Empire managed its conquests by means of supervisors called darughachi(達魯花赤), rather than sending its troops there. From 1231 when it first started a war with Koryo, darughachi make frequent appearances in the Korean history. In particular, darughachi that appeared during the Koryo dynasty can be largely divided into three periods. The first period was from the first invasion of Mongols to 1232 when Koryo moved its capital city to Ganghwa Island. The first invasion in 1231 led to Koryo allowing darughachi to be stationed in the country after two countries signed a treaty to end the war in January 1232. As a result, 72 darughachi were stationed throughout the country including Gaekyung, not just limited to the northern border region. Mr. Choe Woo who felt threatened by it decided to move the capital to Ganghwa Island in July 1232 while hoping to remove darughachi from the country. For some time, darughachi were nowhere to be found in Koryo. The second period is between the 1250s and 1260s. darughachi who disappeared after the capital’s relocation to Ganghwa Island made a reappearance in 1253 because of a diplomatic dispute. When the Mongol troops (the 5th Mongol invasion) led by Yeku failed to have the Koryo government leave the island, he proposed to reinstate darughachi during the Ganghwa negotiation in order to justify the withdrawal of troops. The Koryo government strongly opposed his proposal until it changed its stance with the fall of the Choe family and the rise of Kim Jun. The Kim Jun’s regime which wanted political stability above all else placed top priority on easing military tension through the withdrawal of Mongol troops. Therefore, it made a request for the troop withdrawal by conversely proposing the reinstatement of darughachi which was the diplomatic condition of Mongols. After Mongol accepted the terms proposed by Koryo, darughachi named Shiridai and Kang Hwa Sang came to Koryo in February 1260. The third period is between 1270 and 1278. After the capital was moved back to Gaekyung in 1270, the role of darughachi changed. The term ‘darughachi’ began to be only used for darughachi stationed in Koryo. And it could be found persons like Tatar appointed at darughachi every year, so it is believed that they must have resided in Koryo during this period. Nonetheless, after an agreement was made between King Chungryul of Koryo and Kubilai of Mongol to recognize the governance structure of Koryo in 1278, darughachi left Koryo for good.