18세기 조선 지식인의 對日談論으로서 울릉도･독도

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the narrative and awareness of Uleungdo and Dokdo of the intellects in the 18th century Joseon since the ‘Uleungdo Jaenggye (alias An Yong Bok Incident) which was the key dispute between Joseon and Japan on the basis of the research performances of Joseon and Japan regarding Uleungdo and Dokdo. The entrance to Japan by An YongBok in 1693 and 1696 and ‘Uleungdo Jaenggye’ the dominion disputes of Uleungdo between Joseonn and Japan became a momentum to attract attention of intellects of Joseon for Uleungdo and Dokdo a subsidiary island. As a result, the existence of Dokdo was reconfirmed. Afterwards, in the edited Ganchansaseo and personal books, Uleungdo and Dokdo were reflected as the territory of Joseon as separate islands. In the 17th~18th centuries, some intellects with Silhak scholars changed their view to Japan. Their views were rather fresh and open than majority intellects. Sahaengrok which was recorded by Tongsinsahaengwon who visited Japan directly introduced social aspects and civilization of Japan. After the pass of one century since the Imjin War of 1592, the war could be objectively viewed as a historic fact. Thus, they had more realistic awareness of Japan. Such awareness toward Japan was reflected in ‘Uleungdo Jaenggye’ and An Yong Bok. So, it caused multiple records on description of Uleungdo and Dokdo. The narrative of Uleungdo and Dokdo by the intellects in the 18th century Joseon was transmitted in the periodic situation between Joseon and Japan without omission. Such can be summarized as follows. Firstly, it described that Jukdo mentioned by Japan was Uleungdo of Joseon and, Songdo was Usando (Dokdo) and described historicity of Uleungdo and Dokdo to clarify these are Joseon’s territory. Secondly, it paid special attention to ‘An Yong Bok’ as a person who kept ‘Uleungdo Jaenggye’ and Uleungdo in the middle of disputes. It also described An Yongbok as a person not only exposed the plot and duplicity of Tsushima as well as territory issues to ignite awareness of Tsushima and viewed him as a ‘hero’. Thirdly, it describes the progress and conclusion of ‘Uleungdo Jaenggye’ in detail and understood the entrance to Japan by An Yongbok as a political action in the overall awareness of the relation between Joseon and Japan beyond restriction of territory issue of Uleungdo. Fourthly, it showed that the dominion issue of ‘Uleungdo Jaenggye’ was not the intention of bakufu, but ambition of Tsushima, showing favorable attitude to bakufu but negative awareness to Tsushima. Such dichotomy in the awareness toward Japan was common to most scholars who interested in Japan in later Joseon, and it is also the limit of awareness of the majority contemporary people.